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Su: Phys 2 > Acid/Base 1 (McCarthy) > Flashcards

Acid/Base 1 (McCarthy) Flashcards

1
Q

causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

antacids
K+ wasting diuretics
decr gastric juices
- vomiting
- nasogastric suctioning

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2
Q

metabolic alkalosis: pH/HCO3-

A

incr pH
incr HCO3-

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3
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis

A

shock
sepsis
diarrhea
renal failure
diabetic ketoacidosis
salicilate OD (aspirin)

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4
Q

metabolic acidosis: pH/HCO3-

A

decr pH
decr HCO3-

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5
Q

normal serum pH

A

7.4 +/- 0.05

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6
Q

normal serum [H+]

A

4.0x10-8 M
or
4.0x10-5 mM

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7
Q

small change in pH causes

A

large change in [H+]

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8
Q

main threat to pH mx

A

physiological acids

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9
Q

physiological acids

A

volatile acid
metabolic intermediates
acidic end-products

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10
Q

volatile acid

A

CO2

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11
Q

metabolic intermediates

A

lactic acid
acetoacetate
beta-hydroxybutyrate

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12
Q

ketone bodies

A

acetoacetate
beta-hydroxybutyrate

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13
Q

acidic end products

A

sulfuric acid
phosphoric acid

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14
Q

how much H+ do we produce each day through physiological acids

A

15,000 mmol H+ per day

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15
Q

primary physiological buffer

A

bicarb buffer

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16
Q

buffer

A

weak acid + conjugate base

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17
Q

incr RR will ____ CO2

A

decr CO2

18
Q

decr CO2 =

A

respiratory alkalosis
incr pH

19
Q

decr RR will ___ CO2

A

incr CO2

20
Q

incr CO2 =

A

respiratory acidosis
decr pH

21
Q

renal compensation

A

kidney alters [HCO3-] and [H+]

22
Q

renal compensation timeframe

A

hours to days

23
Q

respiratory compensation

A

corrects acidosis

24
Q

respiratory compensation timeframe

A

seconds to mins

25
Q

can compensation normalize serum pH

A

no - it will not go back to 7.4

26
Q

pH ~

A

pH ~ [HCO3-]/PCO2

27
Q

aspirin OD
(salicylate)

A

stimulates hyperventilation –> respiratory alkalosis
- decr CO2
- incr pH
metabolic acidosis
- decr HCO3-

28
Q

normal pH

A

7.4

29
Q

normal PCO2

A

40

30
Q

normal HCO3-

A

24

31
Q

normal AG

A

12

32
Q

Anion Gap (ion gap)

A

[Na+] - [Cl-] - [HCO3-]

33
Q

anion gap accounts for

A

misc anions
- lactate
- ketone
- phos/sulf
- etc

34
Q

AG > 14

A

acidosis

35
Q

Acid base algorithm

A
  1. check pH
  2. determine metabolic or respiratory
  3. calculate AG
36
Q

HCO3- driving pH

A

metabolic

37
Q

PCO2 driving pH

A

respiratory

38
Q

causes of AG > 14:

A

lactic acidosis
ketoacidosis
toxicity
- alcohol
- saliylates

39
Q

non-gap acidosis causes

A

diarrhea
- renal/GI changes

40
Q

AG >20

A

underlying AG metabolic acidosis

41
Q

AG> 20 causes:

A

Ketoacidosis
- starvation
Uremia
- renal failure
Lactic acidosis
Toxins
- alcohol
- salicylates

Su: Phys 2 (12 decks)

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