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Su: Phys 2 > Endo 1 > Flashcards

Endo 1 Flashcards

1
Q

albumin-bound hormones are considered

A

bioavailable

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2
Q

parvicellular neurons produce

A

releasing and inhibiting hormones

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3
Q

neurohormones

A

hypothalamus secretions that target ant pituitary

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4
Q

neurohormone ex

A

TRH
CRH

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5
Q

anterior pituitary produces

A

stimulating hormones

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6
Q

tropic hormones

A

induce growth of targets endocrine gland

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7
Q

non-tropic hormones

A

endoctrine gland secretions that target cells

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8
Q

primary dysfunction

A

dysfunction of endocrine gland

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9
Q

secondary dysfunction

A

dysfunction is elseqhewre

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10
Q

stimulation test

A

determine if target gland is able to respond to its control mechanism

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11
Q

suppression test

A

determine if negative feedback tests are operable

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12
Q

secretory function unit of thyroid gland

A

follice

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13
Q

apical

A

inside near colloid lumen

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14
Q

basolateral

A

outside

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15
Q

cuboidal cell function

A

TG synthesis
I2 –> T3/T4

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16
Q

colloid function

A

TG storage
T3/T4 storage

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17
Q

C Cells (parafollicular cells) function

A

calcitonin production

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18
Q

what can cause an increase in TSH

A

incr TRH
or
TSH-tumor

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19
Q

what causes incr in TSI

A

graves’ dz

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20
Q

TSI ______ the thyroid

A

stimulates the thyroid

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21
Q

graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism

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22
Q

TBG function

A

binds free thyroid hormone
incr hormone production

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23
Q

what inhibits the thyroid

A

incr T3/T4
decr TBG

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24
Q

what inhibits Na+/I- pump?

A

perchlorate
thiocyanate

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25
Q

what inhibits oxidation of I- to I2

A

PTU

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26
Q

primary enzyme in thyroid hormone production

A

TPO

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27
Q

what inhibits TPO

A

PTU

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28
Q

wolff chalkhoff inhibition

A

excess iodide inhibits TPO

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29
Q

what is the funciton of 5’iodinase

A

T4 –> T3

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30
Q

which thyroid hormone is better for THR binding

A

T3 > T4

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31
Q

incr T3/T4 effects

A

incr BMR
incr O2 consumption
incr beta adrenergics
incr CO
bone maturation
bone turnover

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32
Q

hypothyroid symptoms

A

cold
weight gain
decr appetite
fatigue
weak
bradycardia
swelling
hair loss

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33
Q

damage/removal of thyroid

A

incr TSH

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34
Q

I-def

A

incr TSH

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35
Q

hashimotos

A

incr TSH

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36
Q

HPA depression

A

decr TSH

37
Q

treatment for hypothyroid

A

hormone replacement

38
Q

hyperthyoid symptoms

A

hot
weight loss
incr appetite
fatigue
hyperactive
tachycardia
Afib
eye lid retraction

39
Q

graves TSH

A

decr TSH
incr TSI

40
Q

hyperthyroid treatment

A

PTU
thyroidectomy
B blockers
radioactive iodide

41
Q

pituitary adenoma

A

incr TSH

42
Q

zona glomerulosa hormone

A

mineralcorticoid
-aldosterone

43
Q

zona glomerulosa regulator

A

Ang2
high K+

44
Q

zona fasiculata hormones

A

glucocorticoids
- corisol

45
Q

zona fasiculata regulator

A

ACTH

46
Q

zona reticulans hormones

A

androgens
- DHEA
- androsteridione

47
Q

zona reticulans regulator

A

ACTH

48
Q

adrenal medulla hormones

A

catecholamines
- Epi /NE

49
Q

adrenal medulla regulatro

A

ACTH
cortisol
pre-ganglionic Ach

50
Q

what converts tyrosine to L-dopa

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

51
Q

what stimulates tyroisine to L dopa

A

ACTH
sympa

52
Q

what converts Dopa to NE

A

dopamine B hydroxylase

53
Q

what stimulates Dopa to NE conversion

A

ACTH
sympathetics

54
Q

what converts NE to Epi

A

PNMT

55
Q

what stimulates NE to Epi conversion

A

cortisol

56
Q

how much NE vs epi

A

20% NE
80% epi

57
Q

21 beta deficiency

A

incr androgens

58
Q

11 beta deficiency

A

incr DOC
incr progesterone
incr androgens

59
Q

17 beta deficiency

A

incr aldosterone

60
Q

what converts cholesterole to pregnenolone

A

cholesterol desmolase

61
Q

what converts pregnenolone and progesterone to 17 hydroxy P

A

17 alpha hydroxylase

62
Q

what converts progesterone to DOC

A

21 beta

63
Q

what converts DOC to corticosterone

A

11 Beta

64
Q

what converts corticosterone to aldosterone

A

aldosterone synthase

65
Q

what stimulates cholesterol conversion to pregnenolone

A

ACTHw

66
Q

what stimulates corticosterone to aldosterone

A

Angw2

67
Q

cortisol can bind

A

Mineralcorticoid receptior
glucocorticoid receptor

68
Q

cortisol can have

A

aldosterone like effects

69
Q

epi acts on

A

distant target cells

70
Q

NE acts on

A

target cells at release locations

71
Q

catecholamines trigger

A

glycogenolysis
gluconeogeneis
lipolysis

72
Q

what transcribes POMC

A

anterior pituitary

73
Q

POMC 3 functions

A

ACTH
MSH
endorphins

74
Q

MSH

A

skin pigment changes

75
Q

endorphines stimulate

A

vit D metabolismn

76
Q

glucocorticoid actue effects

A

incr plasma Glu
incr FFA
incr AA

77
Q

glucocorticoid chronic

A

incr BP
incr IR
incr gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis

decr fibroblast
decr iflammation
decr immunity
decr bone formation

78
Q

chronic glucocorticoids are

A

anti-inflammatory

79
Q

causes of cushings

A

secondary glucocorticoid therapy
ACTH tumor
adrenocortical hyperplasia

80
Q

cushings hormones

A

incr ACTH
incr cortisol
incr blood glucose
normal aldosterone

81
Q

what increases aldosterone

A

incr Ang2
incr K+
incr ACTH

82
Q

SE of high aldosterone

A

HTN
hypokalemia

83
Q

addison’s diseas

A

primary adrenal insufficiency

84
Q

addison’s hormones

A

decr cortisol
decr aldosterone
incr renin
incr ACTH
incr MSH

85
Q

addison’s SE

A

hypoglycemia
hypotension

86
Q

addison’s tretment

A

give cortisol

87
Q

short term stress response

A

incr HR
incr BP
incr glycogenolysis
incr blood gluincr BMR

88
Q

long term stress response

A

incr Na+/H2O retention
incr BV/BP
incr gluconeogenesis
incr blood glu
decr immune response

Su: Phys 2 (12 decks)

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