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PHE1IDH > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Who created the Gate Control Theory of Pain?

A

Ronald Melzack and David Wall (1956)

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2
Q

Gate Control Theory of Pain (GCTOF)

A

Explains the neurological mechanisms of pain and links the biology to psychological processes

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3
Q

How is pain stimulated in the GCTOF

A

Carried by small, slow fibres that enter the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; then other cells transmit the impulses from the spinal cord up to the brain

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4
Q

What controls the ‘gateway’ to pain experience?

A

Substantia Gelatinosa (SG) of the dorsal horn

Gate can be opened and closed

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5
Q

Who created the Biopsyhosocial model of pain?

A

George L Engel (1977)

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6
Q

Biopsychosocial Model of Pain

A

Pain is not simply neurophysiological but also social and psychological

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7
Q

What factors influence biopsychosocial model?

A
  • Culture
  • Nociceptive stimuli
  • Environment
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8
Q

Psychological Dimensions of Pain

A

Sensory (Discriminative)

Cognitive (Evaluative)

Emotional (Affective)

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9
Q

Sensory (Discriminative)

A

Location and quality of pain

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10
Q

Cognitive (Evaluative)

A

Individuals ability to perceive and evaluate the pain based on previous experience and knowledge about pain

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11
Q

Emotional (Affective)

A

Emotional response based on past experience and expression

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12
Q

Pain Behaviour

A

Seeking analgesia/meds

Complaining due to pain or not getting required treatment

Protective postures

Rest

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13
Q

What is the key to reducing long term illness/disease?

A

Physical Activity

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14
Q

What are reinforcers of pain?

A

Drugs

Sympathy

Avoidance of social demands

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15
Q

Drugs

A

Habituation > becoming immune to the effects

Addiction > still taking meds when not in pain

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16
Q

Sympathy

A

Social attention - rewarded through sympathy/caring

17
Q

Avoidance of social demands

A

Work, unwanted social interaction

18
Q

Pain Management Strategies for ACUTE

A

Treating inflammation

Reducing nociceptor sensitivity

Treating symptomatically

19
Q

Pain Management Strategies for CHRONIC

A

Physical and combined therapies

Pharmalogical/surgical treatments

Activation of descending nociceptive touch receptor pathyways

Psychological Interventions

20
Q

Why is pain good (functional)?

A
  • Signals injury
  • Limits activity and consequent damage
  • Useful for diagnosis/treatment
21
Q

Why is pain bad (dysfunctional)?

A
  • Suffering/Depression
  • Limits activity/social participation
  • Inhibits recovery
  • Limits rehab
  • Financial costs
22
Q

What is Pain?

A

Unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

20% people suffer chronic pain in Australia

PHE1IDH (10 decks)

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