Human Development Module Flashcards
What is Development?
Process of change which begins its pattern at conception and continues throughout life
Which theorist created cognitive development stages?
John Piaget
What is cognitive development influenced by?
- Biological
- Psychological
- Environmental
- Inner/External events
Types of Influences
Normative:
- Age-related biological changes
- Predictable events
(e. g. puberty)
Non-Normative:
- Unpredictable events
- Impact significantly
(e. g. serious illness, death)
What are the critical issues in developmental psychology?
Nature VS. Nurture
Critical VS. Sensitive Periods
Continuity VS. Discontinuity
Stability VS. Change
Nature VS. Nurture
How much of an individual is because of genes or the environment they grow up in?
Critical VS. Sensitive Periods
Whether something needs to happen in a timeframe or if it is only ideal for it to occur
Continuity VS. Discontinuity
A continuous process (such as growth) as opposed to a sudden change, like menstruation
Stability VS. Change
Does a personality remain the same or change throughout life? (e.g. adolescence)
Cognitive Development
Think
Perceive
Learn
Schemas
Organised patterns of though and action which guide our interaction with the world
Assimilation
How a new experience is incorporated into an existing schema
Accommodation
How an existing schema changes because of a new experience
What are the stages of Cognitive Development?
- Sensorimotor
- Pre-Operational
- Concrete Operational
- Formal Operational
- Sensorimotor
- Infancy > 2yrs
- Sensory experiences (physical interactions with objects)
- Begin to form mental representation of absent objects and understand existence
- Preoperational
- Pretend play
- Egocentrism
- Centration
- Concrete Operational Stage
- Basic mental operations about tangible objects in our head
- Don’t need to use fingers to count
- Formal Operational Stage
- Reason about abstract situations
- Form a hypothesis
- Make guesses about why things have occurred
Do you have to start at the beginning for Cognitive Development?
Yes - we cannot get to a certain level of thinking without having encountered the basic steps
Relapse (slip back) is possible under serious episodes of stress or illness
What is Psychosocial Development?
How people interact with others
How we progress through separate stages at different times of our life
You can either resolve a stage or fail a stage (which can be revisited later in life)
What are the 8 stages of psychosocial development (age related)
1 - Infancy (0 > 2) 2 - Toddler (2 > 3) 3 - Childhood (3 > 5) 4 - Mid Childhood (6 > 12) 5 - Adolescence (12 > 20) 6 - Young adulthood 7 - Mid adulthood 8 - Senior
What are the 8 stages of psychosocial development (category related)
- Trust VS Mistrust
- Autonomy VS Self Doubt
- Initiative VS Guilt
- Industry VS Inferior
- Identity VS Role
- Intimacy VS Isolation
- Generativity VS Stagnation
- Integrity VS Despair
