Human Development Module

Question 1

What is Development?

Answer 1

Process of change which begins its pattern at conception and continues throughout life

Question 2

Which theorist created cognitive development stages?

Answer 2

John Piaget

Question 3

What is cognitive development influenced by?

Answer 3

• Biological
• Psychological
• Environmental
• Inner/External events

Question 4

Types of Influences

Answer 4

Normative:

• Age-related biological changes
• Predictable events
  (e. g. puberty)

Non-Normative:

• Unpredictable events
• Impact significantly
  (e. g. serious illness, death)

Question 5

What are the critical issues in developmental psychology?

Answer 5

Nature VS. Nurture
Critical VS. Sensitive Periods
Continuity VS. Discontinuity
Stability VS. Change

Question 6

Nature VS. Nurture

Answer 6

How much of an individual is because of genes or the environment they grow up in?

Question 7

Critical VS. Sensitive Periods

Answer 7

Whether something needs to happen in a timeframe or if it is only ideal for it to occur

Question 8

Continuity VS. Discontinuity

Answer 8

A continuous process (such as growth) as opposed to a sudden change, like menstruation

Question 9

Stability VS. Change

Answer 9

Does a personality remain the same or change throughout life? (e.g. adolescence)

Question 10

Cognitive Development

Answer 10

Think
Perceive
Learn

Question 11

Schemas

Answer 11

Organised patterns of though and action which guide our interaction with the world

Question 12

Assimilation

Answer 12

How a new experience is incorporated into an existing schema

Question 13

Accommodation

Answer 13

How an existing schema changes because of a new experience

Question 14

What are the stages of Cognitive Development?

Answer 14

1. Sensorimotor
2. Pre-Operational
3. Concrete Operational
4. Formal Operational

Question 15

1. Sensorimotor

Answer 15

• Infancy > 2yrs
• Sensory experiences (physical interactions with objects)
• Begin to form mental representation of absent objects and understand existence

Question 16

2. Preoperational

Answer 16

• Pretend play
• Egocentrism
• Centration

Question 17

3. Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 17

• Basic mental operations about tangible objects in our head

- Don’t need to use fingers to count

Question 18

4. Formal Operational Stage

Answer 18

• Reason about abstract situations
• Form a hypothesis
• Make guesses about why things have occurred

Question 19

Do you have to start at the beginning for Cognitive Development?

Answer 19

Yes - we cannot get to a certain level of thinking without having encountered the basic steps

Relapse (slip back) is possible under serious episodes of stress or illness

Question 20

What is Psychosocial Development?

Answer 20

How people interact with others
How we progress through separate stages at different times of our life

You can either resolve a stage or fail a stage (which can be revisited later in life)

Question 21

What are the 8 stages of psychosocial development (age related)

Answer 21

1 - Infancy (0 > 2)
2 - Toddler (2 > 3)
3 - Childhood (3 > 5)
4 - Mid Childhood (6 > 12)
5 - Adolescence (12 > 20)
6 - Young adulthood
7 - Mid adulthood
8 - Senior

Question 22

What are the 8 stages of psychosocial development (category related)

Answer 22

1. Trust VS Mistrust
2. Autonomy VS Self Doubt
3. Initiative VS Guilt
4. Industry VS Inferior
5. Identity VS Role
6. Intimacy VS Isolation
7. Generativity VS Stagnation
8. Integrity VS Despair