Pain Flashcards
What is pain
UNPLEASANT sensation, Stimulated by pain RECEPTORS, WARNING of a problem
What are some causes of pain
INflammation, infection, ischemia, stratching, chemicals, burns, spasm
What are the two categories of pain classification
Underlying pathology and duration
What are the two underlying pathology terms
NOCICEPTICE and NEUROPATHIC (tissue and nerves)
What are the two duration terms
Acute and chronic
What is deafferentation pain
Phantom pain
What is central pain
Dysfunction of damage to the BRAIN OR SPAIN CORD
What is neuropathi pain
Caused by TRAUMA with the PERIPHERAL NERVES
What is ischemica pain
BLOOD FLOW
What is cancer-related pain
Pain related with treatment and the diseases
What are nociceptors
Pain receptors
What is pain threshold
Level of stimulation required to elicit a pain response
What is pain tolerance and does it variy amung people
Ability to cope with pain, yes
What do TENS do
Increases sensory stimulation at site to block pain receptors
What are the bodies opiate-like chemicals
Endogenous
What is an example of referred pain
Heart attack
What type of pain usually does not respond to common pain therapies
Phantom pain
Is pain perception subjective, how should you compare it
Compare it day to day in the same person
What should you use when creating pain goals for patients
Comfort functional pain score, what is a comfortable level for you to tolerate and perform ADLs
Between acute and chronic pain which is more difficult to treat
Chronic
Between acute and chronic pain which is more generalized
Chronic
What are some common behavior manifestations of chronic pain
Fatigue, flat affect, decreased physcial activity
Why do we use transdermal patches
Slow release, long term for CHRONIC pain
What are denzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants used as
Adjuncts
What typically happens when treating cancer pain
Tolerance to narcotics
What has PCAs reduced
Overall consumption of narcotics
What is intractable pain
Cannot be controlled with meds
What is an example of intractable pain
Headaches
What are the three examples of NSAIDs
Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen
What do NSAIDs do
Pain relief and suppression of inflammation, and reduction of fever
What are the adverse effects of NSAIDs
GASTRIC ulceration, acute RENAL failure, BLEEDING
Which NSAID actually increases the risk of thrombotic events
Aspirin
What is ketorlolac
NSAID with opioid-like effects
What to know about ketorlolac
Max of 5 days, avoid during pregnancy
What is acetaminopehn go at
Combining with opioids
What does acetaminophen not do compared to NSAIDs
anti-inflammatory actions, or any of the adverse effects
What is the adverse effect of acetaminophens
Liver problems
What is the max daily dose of acetaminopehn
3000mg
What is the antidote of acetaminophen and how should you administer it
N-acetylcysteine, add to flacored deverage
What are the two drug interactions of acetaminophen
Alcohol and warfarin
Hydromorphone is _ times more effective than morphine
10X
What is a local anestesia
Injected, cavity, LIDOCANE, mole removal
What is a spinal or regional anestesi
Epideral, surgeries
What is a general anestesia
Loss of consciousness, NEED AIRWAY support
What is neuroleptanestesia
Can’t feel anything but the pt can response, brain surgeries
What type of anesthetic is lidocaine
Local
What form is LET
gel
What areas should you avoid using epi at
Ears, nose, eye lids
