Drug Abuse Flashcards
What do we need to know about drug abuse
TOXICITY, facilitating WITHDRAWL, LONG-TERM
What is a drug addiction
Diseases precess of using drug even though they know it’s BAD for them
What are some factors that contibute to drug abuse
REINFORCING properties of drugs, DEPENDENCE, AVAILABILITY, SOCIAL factors
What can dabaling and prescitption drugs lead to
Addiction
What happens in most treatment
Reduced drug use
What is the ideal goal of treatment
Complete cessation
What is the most commonly used and abused psychoactive agent in the US
Alcohol
What can moderate consumption of alcohol lead to
Prolongs LIFE, reduces risk of DEMENTIA and CARDIOVASCULAR disorders
What are the acute effects of alcohol
General depression of CNS function
What are the two neuropsychiatric syndromes of alcohol
Wernicke’s encephalopathy, Korskaoff’s psychosis
What happens with Wernicke’s encephalopathy
CONFUSION, NYSTAGMUS, REVERSIBLE with THIAMIN
What is hepatic encephalopathy
Anomium
What is Korsakoff’s psychosis
NEUROPATHY, MEMORY, NON reversible
What can alcohol do to the cardiovascular system
Damage to the myocardium
What is nonviral hepatitis
The precursor to SCEROSIS
What is a very common issue with alcohol
Pancreatitis
What is the BAL of intocication
0.08
What is the BAL of death
0.40
What are the drug interactions of alcohol
CNS depressants, NSAIDs, ACETAMINOPHEN
Why is hypotension from an OD of alcohol bad
Can NOT be reversied with vasoconstrictors (epi) can LEAD to SHOCK
What are the two different types drugs for alcohol use disorder
Facilitate withdrawal, maintain abstinence
What are chlordiazepoxida and lorazepam
Benzodiazepines (CNS depressants)
What does disulfiram do
Refrain from drinking
Who gets disulfiram
Chosen carefully
What does naltrexone do
Decrease CRAVINGS for alcohol
What are most alcoholics deficit in
B vitamins
What is the greatest single cause of preventable illness and premature death
Cigarette smoking
What does nicotine do to the cardiovascular system
CONSCTICTS blood vessels, ACCELERATES the heart, ELEVATION of BP, INCREASED cardiac work
What does nicotine do to the GI tract
Increases secretion of gastric ACIDS
What are some forms of nicotine replacement therapy
Gum, patches, nasal sprays, inhaler
What are cupropion and varenicline
Non-nicotine drug treatments
What are the 5A’s for treating tobacco use and dependence
Ask, Adivse, Assess, Assist, Arrange
What should you tell your pts about nicotine gum
SLOWLY for 30 mins, avoid eating or drinking for 15 before and after
What should you know about nicotine inhalers
Should not be used by patients with ASTHMA
What does bupropion SR do
Reduces the URGE to smoke
What type of drug is varenicline
Agonist at nicotinic receptors
What is varenicline
The most effective aid for smoking cessation
What are the adverse effects of varenicline
Neuropsychiatric effects: HOSTILITY, SI
What should you NOT use for helping to stop smoking
Benzos
What is the age that uses heroin the most
18-25 years old
Why do people choose heroin
Cheaper than opioid prescriptions
How does oxycodone work
Controlled-release drug, ABUSERS CRUSH the med
Who uses meperidine the most
Healthcare providers
Why do people use meperidine
Oral route, less problems
What does methadone do
Prevents symptoms of withdrawals, use when BRINING OFF
What does naltrexone do
Reduces CRAVING
Why are barbiturates bad
They are STRONG and have NO ANTIDOTE
What do you need to do if your pt has barbiturates toxicity
Maintain respirations and remove the drug (barf, charchol)
What is the antidote for benzodiazepines
Flumazenil
What type of drugs are methamphetamines and cocaine
Stimulants, puts stress on the HEART
What are the treatments for cocaine
Diazepam or lorazepam, external COOLING
What happens to a persons nose to cocaine
Atrophy
Is there an anticocaine vaccine
Yes it keeps the drug from entering CNS
What happens to most of the THC in weed
Inactivated by the first-pass effect
What are the therapeutic uses of marijuana
Antiemetic, appetite stimulant, neuropathic pain
What is psilocybin
Mushrooms
What is ketamine used for
Surgical anestetics
What is dextromethorphan
Cough suppressant, abused by TEENS
What does exstasy do to the body
Raise body temp, seizures
