GI Disorders Flashcards
What is GERD
Stomach acid comes into the esophagus
What are the two etiologies of GERD
Decreased TONE or increased gastric PRESSURE
What can cause a decerased tone for GERD
Foods: alcohol, chocolate, peppermint, caffeine, fatty foods
Drugs: morphine, diazepam, anticholinergic
NICOTINE
What can cause increased gasric pressure
OBESTITY, PREGNANCY, LARGE meals, layingFLAT after eating
What are the clinical manifestations
Heartburn (PYROSIS), DYSPEPSIA (indigestion), REGURGITATION (verping)
What are the mild symptoms of GERD
Heartburn after a MEAL, occurs ONCE a week, no DAMAGE
What are the respiratory symptoms of GERD
Wheezing, coughing, dyspnes
What are the otolaryngologic symptoms included in GERD
Harseness, sore throat, lump in throat, choking
Tell me about GERD related chest pain
BURNING, SQUEEZING, BACK, NECK, JAW, mimics ANGINA, OLDER adults, relieved with ANTACIDS
What is the definition of paptic ulcer disease
GROUP of UPPER GI disorders, EROSION to the gut WALL, can LEAD to HEMORRHAGE and PERFORATION
How does perforation occur in peptic ulcer disease
The mucous lining protects acid from getting to tissues and then ACID eats through and LEAKS
What are the cause of peptic ulcer disease
Imbalance between MUCOSAL and AGGRESSIVE factors
What are the agressive factors of paptic ulcers
H. pylori, stays in GI for a long time
What do most people with PUD have
H. pylori infection
What else can H. pylori cause
Gestric cancer
How to treat H. pylori
ABX
Why do NSAIDs cause PUD
Reduce blood FLOW, MUCUS, and bicarb
Why does gastric acid cause PUD
Injuries cells of the GI mucose and activities PEPSIN
Why does smoking cause PUD
DALAYS ulcer healign
What are the symptoms of PUD
Hematemesis, melena, SHOCK
What is the treament of PUD
IV fluids, BLOOD, ENDOSCOPY, MEDS
What are the medications for ulcers and GERD
ABX, antisecretory agents, mucosal pretectants, antacids, Histamine2 receptor antagonists
When do you use ABX for GERD or PUD
H. pylori
What are some prophylaxis treatment for GERD and PUD
PPIS, Misoprostol
What are the first-choice drugs for treating upper ulcers
Histamine receptros antagonists
What are the most effective drugs for suppressing secretion of acid
Proton pump inhibitors
What do histamine receptor antagonists
Promote healing by SUPRESSING secretion of ACID
How do antacids work
React with acid to produce neutral salts
Which antacid alters systemic pH
Sodium bicarb
What is constipation
Hard stools, infrequent stools, excessive straining, prolonged effort, incomplete evacuation
What are some treatments for constipaiton
Volume, stool softeners, stimulate
What is proper bowel function is highly dependent on
Dietray fiber
What does dietary fiber do
Absorbs WATER
What must you always give with an increase in fiber
Fluids
Tell me about taxative abuse
MISCONCEPTION about daily bowel movements, PERPETUATE, take a long time to EVACUATION again
What is diarrhea
Stools of excesive volume and fluidity increased frequency
What are some causes of diarrhea
Infection, maldigestion, inflammation, functional disorders
What are the complications of diarrhea
Dehydration and electrolyte depletion
What can cause constapation
Low fiber diet
What do you need to take together when traveling
Antidirrheal and ABX
What is the managment of diarrhea
Treat UNDERLYING disease, replace WATER and SALTS, relief CRAMPING, reduce passage of STOOLS
What are the two major groups of antidiarrheals
Non/specific
What is the management of infectious diarrhea
Usally SELF-LIMITING, NO treatment, ABX
What is E. coli
Self-limiting
What is hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by VIRAL infections
What are the clinical manifestations of hepatitis
Tires, weight loss, RUQ pain, RASHES, JAUNDICE
What are the nutrition managements for hepatitis
INCREASE calories, STIMULATE appetite, FLUIDS, VITAMINS
What are the activity managements for hepatitis
Rest periods with activity
What other meds can you give hepatitiis pts
Antiemetics
What is cirrhosis
Chronic damage leads to scar tissue which means blood can’t filter through it
What are the two types of cirrhosis
ETOH- alcohol
NAFLD- Non-alboholic fatty liver disease
What kind of obstruction can happen with cirrhosis
Bile backs up into liver
What are the manifestations of cirrhosis
Fatigue, itching, swelling, jaundive, ascites (fluid build up in abdomen, portal HTN, leaky), hepatic encephalopathy (increased anomia levels)
How to treat ascites
Restrict SODIUM, ALBUMIN, DIURETICS, PARACENTESIS
What is paracantesis
Big needle
What are the two gallbladder diseases
Cholelithiasis- STONES
Cholecystitis- INFLAMMATION, associated with stones
Tell me about cholelithiasis
Stones are CAUSED by change in COMPOSITON or change in FLOW
Can MIGRATE to CYSTIC or COMMON bile DUCT, causes PAIN
What are the clinical manifestations of cholelithiasis
After big MEAL, RUQ or epiGASTRIC pain, adbominal RIGIDITY
MOVING: STEADY, EXCRUCIATING, TACHYCARDIC, DIAPHORESIS, SHOULDER, residual TENDERNESS, AFTER MEAL
What is the managment of a gall bladder disease
PAIN control, antiEMETICS, ANTICHOLINERGICS, cholecystECTOMY
What would anticholinergics do for gall bladder issues
Decrease SECRETION, decrease SPAMSMS
What happens in acute pancreatitis
SPILLAGE of ENZYMES into tissue causing autoDIGESTION and PAIN
What are the clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis
PAIN, BACK, SUDDEN, PIERCING, worse with EATING, not relived with VOMITING, JAUNDICE, DANCING in bed
What is the management of acute pancreatitis
OPIOIDS, NPO, antACIDS, PPIs, NG tube to DECOMPRESS
What is the most common disorder of GI tract
IBS
What is IBS
CRAMPING, DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION, BOTH, 12 WEEKS
What is IBD
IMMUNE response
What are the diseases with IBD
Crohn’s, UC
What is Crohn’s
All parts of GI, deep fissures
What is UC
COLON and RECTUM, rectal BLEEDING, hospitalization
What are the drugs for IBD
5-aminosalicylates
glucocorticoids
immunosuppressants
immunomodulators
antibiotics
