paeds neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What is a febrile seizure ?

A

A seizure that occurs in children with a high fever.

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2
Q

What age group suffer from febrile seizures?

A

6 mnths -> 5 years

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3
Q

What are simple febrile convulsions ?

A
  • Generalised, tonic clonic seizures
  • Last <15 mins
  • Occur once during a single febrile illness
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4
Q

What are complex febrile convulsions ?

A

Any of the following :

  • Partial or focal seizures
  • Last >15 mins
  • Multiple occur during the same febrile illness
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5
Q

What needs to be excluded before febrile convulsions are diagnosed ?

A
  • Epilepsy
  • Meningitis, encephalitis or other neurological infection
  • Intracranial space occupying lesions
  • Syncopal episode
  • Electrolyte abnormality
  • Traume
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6
Q

How are febrile convulsions managed ?

A
  • Identify and treat underlying infection
  • Fever : paracetamol and ibuprofen
  • Period of observation
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7
Q
altered consciousness
altered cognition 
unusual behaviour 
acute onset of neurological symptoms 
acute onset of focal seizures
fever
A

encephalitis

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8
Q

how is encephalitis investigated

A

LP for CSF with viral PCR testing

CT if LP is CI

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9
Q

how is encephalitis managed

A

Aciclovir for HSV and VZV

Ganciclovir for CMV

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10
Q

When would a child be admitted with a febrile seizure

A

-> First seizure or features of complex seizure

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11
Q

Benign Rolandic seizures (benign focal epilepsy) : presentation, EEG

A
  • 3 to 10 yrs
  • Boys and during sleep
  • Tonic seizure : wake up on floor or with messy sheets
  • EEG : centro-temporal spikes
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12
Q

Infatile spasms (west syndrome) : presentation, diagnosis

A
  • Boys : 4-8 mnths
  • Presentation : Salam attacks (flexion of head, trunk, arms, follwed by extension of arms).
  • Lasts 1-2 seconds, repeated up to 50 times.
  • EEG : hypsarrhymthmia
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13
Q

Inheritance of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

AD

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