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3a > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 viral exanthemas

A 
1st - measles
2nd - scarlet fever
3rd - rubella 
4th - duke's disease
5th - parovirus B19
6th - roseola infantum
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2
Q
  • Prodromal : Fever, conjunctivtis , irritable
  • Koplick spots : white spots on bucaal mucosa
  • Rash starting behind ears, then rest of body
  • Notifiable disease
  • Isolate until 4 days after rash
A

measles

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3
Q
  • Red-pink, blotchy, macular rash with rough ‘sandpaper’ skin
  • Fever
  • Lethargy
  • Flushed face
  • Sore throat
  • Strawberry tongue
  • Cervical lymphadenopathy
A

scarlet fever

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4
Q

what cause scarlet fever and how is it managed

A
  • Group A strep
  • Oral penicillin V or 10 days
  • Notify public health
  • Keep off school until 24 hrs after starting abx
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5
Q
  • Prodrome : low grade fever
  • Rash : maculopapular, initially on face before spreading to whole body
  • Suboccipital and postauricular lymphadenopathy
    -Notify public health
A

Rubella

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6
Q
  • Starts with fever, coryza and non specific symptoms
  • 2-5 days later : diffuse bright red rash on both cheeks
  • few days later : raised itchy rash on trunk and limbs
  • Once rash has formed - back to school
A

Parvovirus B19

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7
Q
  • High fever lasting a few days.
  • When fever settles, rash appears
  • Nagayama spots in uvula and soft palate
  • Febrile convulsions and diarrhoea are common
  • Complications : febrile convulsions
A

roseola infantum

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8
Q

what causes chicken pox

A

varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Spread via resp route

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9
Q

what can be given to immunocomprised patients, neonates and those at risk of complications of chickenpox

A

aciclovir

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10
Q

give 6 complications of chickenpox

A 
- bacterial superinfection 
- dehydration 
- conjunctival lesions 
- pneumonia 
- encephalitis (ataxia)
- shingles or ramsay hunt syndrome if the virus lays dormant in sensory dorsal root ganglion cells
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11
Q

caused by coxsackie A
initial URTI
mouth ulcers
blistering red spots on hands, feet and around mouth

A

hand, foot and mouth disease

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12
Q
  • Prodrome of flu like symptoms
  • Unilateral or bilateral parotid gland swelling (‘earache, pain on eating’
  • Notify public health
  • Supportive management
A

Mumps

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13
Q

give 4 complications of mumps

A
  • pancreatitis : abdo pain
  • orchitis : testicular pain
  • meningitis : confusion, neck stiffness, headache
  • sensorineural hearing loss
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14
Q

what kind of virus are hep B and hep C

A

Hep b: DNA
Hep c : RNA

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15
Q

what is the most common cause of encephalitis is children

A

Viral infection with HSV-1
- In neonates : HSV-2 from genital warts

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16
Q

What is kawasaki disease ?

A

Systemic medium-sized vessel vasculitis

17
Q

Who does kawasaki disease typically affect?

A
  • Children <5 yrs
  • Asian children (japanese or korean)
  • Boys
18
Q

What is a key complication of kawasaki disease ?

A

-Coronary artery aneurysm

19
Q

What are the key features of kawasaki disease ?

A

CRASH AND BURN

  • C : conjunctivitis (bilateral)
  • R : rash (widespread erythematous maculopapular)
  • A : adenopathy (cervical & usually unilateral)
  • S : strawberry tongue and cracked lips
  • H : hands (desquamation)

-BURN : high fever >5 days

20
Q

Give 3 investigation results usually seen in kawasaki disease

A
  • FBC : anaemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis
  • LFTS : hypoalbuminaemia and elevated liver enzymes
  • Raised ESR
21
Q

How is kawasaki disease managed ?

A
  • High dose aspirin
  • IV immunoglobulins
  • Echo
22
Q

What is a risk of using aspirin in children ?

A

-Reye’s syndrome

23
Q

What is the most common cause of hand, foot and mouth disease ?

A

-Coxsackie A virus

24
Q

What kind of vaccine is rotavirus ?

A

-Oral, live attenuated vaccine

25
Q 
altered consciousness
altered cognition 
unusual behaviour 
acute onset of neurological symptoms 
acute onset of focal seizures
fever
A

encephalitis

26
Q

how is encephalitis investigated

A
  • LP for CSF with viral PCR testing (lymphocytosis and elevated protein)
  • CT if LP is CI : usually affects parietal and temporal lobes
27
Q

how is encephalitis managed

A

IV Aciclovir for HSV and VZV

Ganciclovir for CMV

28
Q

3 complications of scarlet fever

A
  • Otitis media (most common)
  • Rheumatic fever : 20 days after infection
  • Acute glomerulonephritis : 10 days after infection
29
Q

give 3 complications of measles

A
  • Otitis media (most common)
  • Pneumonia (most common cause of death)
  • Encephalitis (1-2 wks following onset)
30
Q

When can you return to school with rubella

A

5 days after rash develops

31
Q

Give 4 complications of rubella

A

Arthritis
Thrombocytopenia
Encephalitis
Myocarditis

32
Q

What 2 things can parvovirus B19 cause

A
  • Aplastic crisis in sickle cell
  • Hydrops fetalis in pregnancy
33
Q

what causes Roseola infantum

A

HHV6

34
Q

what can increase the risk of secondary bacterial infection of the lesions in chickenpox

A

NSAIDs

35
Q

when can a child return to school following chicken pox

A

after lesions have crusted over

36
Q

what bacteria causes scalded skin syndrome

A

staph aureus

37
Q

what medications are used to treat TB

A

2 mnths of RIPE

  • Rifampicin : red secretions
  • Isoniazid : peripheral neuropathy
  • Pyrazinamide : hyperuricaemia (gout)
  • Ethambutol : optic neuritis

4 mnths
- Rifampicin
- Isoniazid

38
Q
  • Fever >38.9
  • Hypotensiom : systolic <90
  • Diffuse erythematous rash
  • Desquamation of rash
  • Involvement of 3 or more organ systems
A

Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome

39
Q

what deficiency is seen in measles and how does it present

A
  • Vitamin A
  • Xerophthalmia

3a (45 decks)

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