Paeds Flashcards
what hip condition affects 0-5s?
DDH
cancer
sepsis
risk factors for DDH
family history
breech/transverse
DDH ix
ortolani and barlows
no abnormality will be seen on XR until 4 months
what condition affects 4-10 year old hips
sepsis
cancer
perthes (fluctuating avascular necrosis)
treatment for perthes
rest when it is painful
where can hip pain be referred from?
knee
what affects 10-15 year old hips
sepsis
cancer
slipped upper femoral epiphysis
who is at risk of SUFE
obese hypogonadal tall boys afro-carribean hypothyroid hyperparathyroid
what XR views should you order for SUFE?
AP and frog leg (a lateral view)
what is the risk of the other side being affected in SUFE?
10-15%
what are the symptoms of prader willi?
hypotonia, feeding problems, excessive weight gain, behavioural difficulty, hypogonadism
what are the causes of bruising in infants?
non accidental injury haemophilia ITP vWF deficiency vit K deficiency liver disease
what investigations would you do in a child with abnormal bleeding?
FBC, LFTs, clotting screen-factors VIII and IX, vWF
how does ITP present in children?
asymptomatic to intracranial haemorrhage, in between is petichae, nosebleeds
follows viral infection
is self limiting
how does HUS present in children?
profuse diarrhoea that turns profuse 1-3 days in
abdo pain, worse on defecation
fever-though in hospital many are afebrile
what is HUS?
haemolytic anaemia
uraemia so AKI
thrombocytopenia
what will HUS bloods show?
fragmented red cells, low platelets
high creatinine
how does measles present?
fever rash that spreads from face to trunk a few days later cough/coryza/conjunctivitis coryzal prodrome Koplick spots very unwell
what is tuberous sclerosis
multisystem disorder of haematomas that usually presents in childhood with skin changes and epilepsy
what infections will a child not have if they have been fully immunised
MMR, Haemophilus influenzae-epiglottidis, pertussis, diptheria, tetanus, polio, hep B, men B, rotavirus
what is the most common cause of meningitis in young children?
strep pneumoniae or a N. meningitidis strain which has not been vaccinated against
what is henoch sconlein purpura?
a vasculitis that only occurs in children, it is autoimmunity that leads to purpura, orchitis, gastritis, abdo pain and arthritis
presentation of HSP?
preceding URTI
symmetrical erythematous macular rash that is mostly on legs, bum and ulnar side of arms
mild illness with low grade fever
abdo pain and bloody diarrhoea may precede the rash
arthritis-joint pain but full range of movement, especially knees and ankles
microscopic haematuria and proteinuria
investigations for hsp
FBC-platelets normal (rules out itp)
urinalysis-proteinuria and microscopic haematuria
what do you need to test for in coeliac disease
anti-transglutaminase IgA
anti-endomysial
what are the findings on coeliac duodenal biopsy?
villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia and lymphocyte infiltration
what rash is associated with coeliac disease?
dermatitis herpetiformis
