neurology

Question 1

what does 0/5 mean?

Answer 1

no muscle contraction

Question 2

1/5?

Answer 2

flicker of muscle contraction but no movement

Question 3

2/5?

Answer 3

muscle contraction with movement only when gravity is eliminated

Question 4

3/5?

Answer 4

movement against gravity but not against applied resistance

Question 5

4/5?

Answer 5

movement against gravity with reduced power against resistance

Question 6

5/5?

Answer 6

movement against gravity and full power against resistance

Question 7

what does the glossopharangeal nerve do?

Answer 7

carries sensation from the pharynx and tonsils

taste sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 8

what does the vagus nerve do?

Answer 8

carries parasympathetic fibres to the foregut, midgut, heart, lungs
sensation around the pharynx
motor innervation of the laryngeal and upper pharyngeal muscles

Question 9

which pharangeal muscles does the vagus supply?

Answer 9

levator veli palatini
cricothyroid
salingopharyngeus
palatoglossus
palatorpharyngeaus
all pharangeal constrictors

Question 10

what are the functions of IX and X

Answer 10

swallowing
phonation
sensation

Question 11

what does the glossopharangeal nerve supply?

Answer 11

stylopharangeaus
mucosa of pharynx
tonsils
posterior 1/3 of tongue
parasympathetic of parotid

Question 12

what does deviation of the uvula suggest?

Answer 12

palsy of the vagus nerve, away from the side of the lesion

Question 13

what do dysphonia and a bovine cough suggest?

Answer 13

damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 14

how can the recurrent laryngeal nerves be damaged

Answer 14

mediastinal lymphoma
lung cancer
thyroid surgery
aortic arch aneurysm

Question 15

what does dysphagia and dysarthria suggest, what might they be accompanied by?

Answer 15

bilateral X lesion
nasal regurgitation of fluids
escape of air nasally when cheeks are puffed out

Question 16

what can cause a bilateral X lesion?

Answer 16

bulbar palsy from MND

pseudobulbar palsy from MS or cerebrovascular disease

Question 17

Hip flexion

Answer 17

Iliopsoas L1-2

Question 18

Hip extension

Answer 18

Gluteus maximum L5-S2

Question 19

Knee flexion

Answer 19

Hamstrings L5-S2
Semitendinous
Semimembranous
Biceps femoris

Question 20

Knee extension

Answer 20

Quadriceps L2-L4

Question 21

Doris flexion

Answer 21

Tibialis anterior L4-5

Question 22

Plantarflexion

Answer 22

Soleus and gastrocnemius S1-2

Question 23

Knee reflex

Answer 23

L3-4

Question 24

Ankle reflex

Answer 24

S1-2

Question 25

Babinski roots

Answer 25

L5-S2

Question 26

question to assess temp sensation

Answer 26

how temp feels in the shower

Question 27

sx of encephalopathy?

Answer 27

altered mental state (confusion, orientation, cognition)

Question 28

causes of encephalopathy

Answer 28

alcohol-Wernicke’s

autoimmune-anti NMDA receptor-grandiose/hallucination