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Yr 4 - PassMed Corrections > Paeds 5 > Flashcards

Paeds 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What factor may be deficient in von Willebrand disease?

A

Factor VIII

vWF binds to factor VIII and stops Factor VIII from degrading. Reduced vWF is therefore associated with low FVIII levels as gets degraded degrades.

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2
Q

What is the most common organism causing impetigo?

A

Both staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus cause impetigo, but Staph. aureus is more common

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3
Q

Describe rash in chickenpox

A

Itchy rash that starts centrally (face, scalp or torso).

The rash starts as a macular rash before quickly developing into vesicular lesions which later scab over and heal.

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4
Q

What genetic syndrome presents with:

  • webbed neck
  • pectus excavatum
  • short stature
  • pulmonary stenosis
A

Noonan syndrome

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5
Q

Karyotype for noonan syndrome?

A

Normal (46,XX or 46,XY)

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6
Q

What is the investigation of choice for stable children with suspected Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

A technetium scan

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7
Q

What are some poor prognostic factors for ALL?

A

1) Male sex

2) <2y or >10y presenting age

3) Having B or T cell surface markers

4) WCC >20 at diagnosis

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8
Q

What investigation is considered most appropriate to confirm the diagnosis of Duchenne’s?

A

Genetic testing

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9
Q

Dose of dex in croup?

A

0.15mg/kilo

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10
Q

What damaged in spastic cerebral palsy?

A

UMNs in periventricular white matter

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11
Q

Mx of phimosis (a non-retractable foreskin) if <2y?

A

In children less than 2 years of age, phimosis is NORMAL and will most likely resolve with time

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12
Q

What are some causes of obesity in children?

A

1) GH deficiency

2) Hypothyroidism

3) Down’s syndrome

4) Cushing’s syndrome

5) Prader-Willi syndrome

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13
Q

What are some risk factors for surfactant deficit lung disease?

A
  • prematurity
  • male sex
  • diabetic mothers
  • Caesarean section
  • second born of premature twins
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14
Q

What is the cause of Fragile X syndrome?

A

Trinucleotide repeat –> expansion of CGG trinucleotide repeat in FMR1 gene.

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15
Q

What diagnosis should be considered in a croup-like presentation that does NOT respond to dexamethasone & nebulised adrenaline?

A

Bacterial tracheitis

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16
Q

What is bacterial tracheitis?

A

A potentially life-threatening condition characterised by rapidly progressing airway obstruction and abundant, thick airway secretions, alongside high fever.

It generally follows a viral URTI.

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17
Q

What is bacterial tracheitis most commonly caused by?

A

Staph. aureus

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18
Q

Key signs & symptoms of bacterial tracheitis?

A
  • stridor
  • barking cough
  • high fever
  • SOB
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19
Q

Mx of bacterial tracheitis?

A

Abx therapy

20
Q

Conduct disorder vs oppositional defiant disorder?

A

Conduct - young people presenting with antisocial behaviours e.g. stealing, physically harming people or animals, setting fires.

Oppositional defiant - less severe version of conduct disorder, present with difficult behaviours e.g. refusing to follow rules and consistently blaming others.

21
Q

What is the underlying genetic defect in Fragile X?

A

Trinucleotide repeat in the FMR1 gene

22
Q

What test can be done in DDH to determine whether the leg length shortening is femoral or tibial?

A

Galeazzi test

23
Q

what is the biggest risk factor for stillbirth?

A

IUGR

24
Q

Why can an AXR be normal in intestinal malrotation?

A

If it is an intermittent or partial volvulus –> does not cause dilated bowel loops or dilated stomach.

25
Q

Mx of intestinal malrotation?

A

Urgent laparotomy

26
Q

Which consequence of artificial ventilation in premature babies is routinely screened for?

A

Retinopathy of prematurity

27
Q

1st line mx of impetigo?

A

Hydrogen peroxide 1% cream

Consider adding topical Abx e.g. fusidic acid (or mupirocin if fusidic acid resistance is suspected)

28
Q

Mx of EXTENSIVE impetigo?

A

Oral flucloxacillin

29
Q

School exclusion in impetigo?

A

Children should be excluded from school until the lesions are crusted and healed or 48 hours after commencing Abx treatment

30
Q

Which organism causing osteomyelitis are patients with sickle cell at risk of?

A

Salmonella typhi

31
Q

In ALL, ‘sanctuary sites’ exist.

What are these?

A

Parts of the body which the chemotherapy will not reach, and therefore would have to be monitored for relapse.

1) Testes
2) CNS

32
Q

Role of penicillamine?

A

Copper chelating agent in Wilson’s

33
Q

What is there a deficiency of in haemophilia A?

A

Factor VIII

34
Q

What is there a deficiency of in haemophilia B?

A

Factor IX

35
Q

What investigation can be used to monitor treatment response in Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

PET scan

36
Q

Mx of PID if the patient has a coil that was recently inserted (<48h)?

A

Treat with broad spectrum Abx for 14 days and leave the coil in.

If there is no response wthin 48h to the Abx, remove the coil and prescribe any other necessary emergency contraceptives (if appropriate).

37
Q

Which class is safe to use for UTIs in any stage of pregnancy?

A

Cephalosporins

38
Q

Give some causes of a raised Ca125

A
  • ovarian cancer
  • ascites
  • adenomyosis
  • endometriosis
  • menstruation
  • breast cancer
  • ovarian torsion
  • endometrial cancer
  • liver disease
39
Q

What can be offered in endometriosis if the COCP is contraindicated?

A

Progesterone only contraceptive e.g. pill, implant IUS

40
Q

Investigations in UTI in infant <6m?

A

Typical UTI –> US only (within 6w of infection)

Atypical –> US (during infection), MCUG & DMSA

Recurrent –> US, MCUG & DMSA

41
Q

Investigations in UTI in child 6m - 3y?

A

Typical –> none

Atypical –> US (during infection), DMSA

Recurrent –> US (within 6w), DMSA

42
Q

Investigations in UTI in child ≥3y?

A

Typical –> none

Atypical –> US (during)

Recurrent –> DMSA & US (within 6w)

43
Q

Give some features of an atypical UTI in paeds

A
  • septicaemia/requires IV Abx
  • non E. coli UTI
  • poor urine flow
  • abdominal mass/bladder mass
  • raised creatinine
  • failure to respond to treatment (suitable Abx) in 48h
44
Q

Define recurrent UTIs in paeds

A

2 or more UTIs, with at least 1 with systemic symptoms or signs

or

3 or more UTIs without systemic symptoms or signs

45
Q

Mx of periumbilical cellulitis?

A

IV flucloxacillin + benzylpenicillin

46
Q
A

Yr 4 - PassMed Corrections (36 decks)

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