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paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Noonan syndrome

A

webbed neck
pectus excavatum
short stature
PS

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2
Q

Patau syndrome

A

microcephaly
small eyes
polydactyly
cleft lip/palate

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3
Q

Edward’s syndrome

A

micrognathia - undersized lower jaw
low-set ears
rocker bottom feet
overlapping fingers

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4
Q

William’s syndrome

A

Short stature
Struggles = learning difficulties
Smiley = friendly, extroverted personality
Supravalvular AS

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5
Q

Pierre-Robin syndrome

A

small chin
posteriorly displaced tongue
cleft palate

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6
Q

when is MMR vaccine given

A

12-13 months

3-4 years

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7
Q

PDA features

A

continuous’ machinery’ murmur loudest at left sternal edge
left subclavicular thrill
collapsing pulse

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8
Q

lower UTI mx

A

<3 months - refer immediately

>3 months - oral ABX for 3 days (usually Trimethoprim, Nitrofurantoin, Cephalosporin or Amoxicillin)

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9
Q

meningitis mx

A

<3 months: IV Amoxicillin + IV Cefotaxime

>3 months: IV Cefotaxime

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10
Q

when is Men B vaccine given

A

2 months
4 months
12-13 months

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11
Q

respiratory red flags in feverish child

A

grunting
RR >60
moderate or severe intercostal recession

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12
Q

bilirubin findings in biliary atresia

A

elevated conjugated bilirubin

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13
Q

cephalohaematoma vs caput succedeneum

A

cephalohaematoma - swelling due to bleeding between periosteum and skull, does not cross suture lines
caput succedeneum - seen in newborns immediately after birth, crosses suture lines

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14
Q

7 S’s of innocent murmur

A
  1. Sensitive (changes with posture or respiration)
  2. Short
  3. Small
  4. Soft
  5. Sweet (not harsh)
  6. Single (no associated clicks or gallops)
  7. Systolic (limited to systole)
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15
Q

causative organism of croup

A

parainfluenza virus

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16
Q

what makes up the APGAR score

A 
Appearance - colour
Pulse - HR
Grimace - reflex irritability
Activity - muscle tone
Respiratory effort
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17
Q

neonatal hypoglycaemia mx

A

asymptomatic - encourage normal feeding and monitor blood glucose
if symptomatic or very low (<1) - admit to NNU for IV 10% dextrose

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18
Q

features of acute epiglottitis

A 
3 d's
drooling
distress
dysphagia
also adopt tripod position - lean forward extending neck
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19
Q

pneumonia with mycoplasma mx

A

erythromycin

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20
Q

when does precocious puberty occur in females and males

A

<8 years in females

<9 years in males

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21
Q

rate of CPR for children

A

100-120 bpm in all ages

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22
Q

infantile spasms vs infantile colic

A

spasm - child becomes distressed between spasms

colic - child becomes distressed during spasms

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23
Q

ix for NEC

A

AXR

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24
Q

school exclusion for hand, foot and mouth

A

children do not need to be excluded from school

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25
Q

when to refer for unilateral undescended testis

A

3 months of age

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26
Q

mx of biliary atresia

A
  1. Surgical intervention
  2. Ursodeoxycholic acid if surgery fails
  3. Liver transplant may be needed if surgery fails
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27
Q

what is used to measure a child’s weight to ascertain obesity

A

BMI percentile adjusted to age and gender

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28
Q

most common location of atopic eczema in infants

A

face and trunk

29
Q

mx of croup

A

Dexamethasone PO

30
Q

risk factors for meconium aspiration

A

post-term babies

history of maternal HTN, pre-eclampsia, chorioamnionitis, smoking or substance abuse

31
Q

school exclusion for scarlet fever

A

24 h after commencing ABX

32
Q

Scarlet fever vs Kawasaki

A 
Scarlet fever:
Sore throat
Strawberry tongue
Sandpaper rash
Malaise, N&V, headache
Fever lasts 24-48h
Kawasaki - CRASH and BURN:
Conjunctivitis
Rash
lymphAdenopathy
Strawberry tongue
Hand and feet desquamation 
BURN: fever >5 days not responding to antipyretic
33
Q

steps of paeds BLS

A

Shout for help
Open airway, look, listen and feel for breathing
5 rescue breaths
Check brachial (infants) or femoral (infants + children) pulse
15:2 compressions:breaths

34
Q

mx of unresolving umbilical hernia at 3 years of age

A

delay referral until 5 years of age if still unresolved

35
Q

features of bronchiolitis

A

coryzal symptoms incl. MILD fever first, then dry cough and breathlessness may be accompanied with wheeze and fine inspiratory crackles

36
Q

risk factors for surfactant deficient lung disease

A

prematurity
diabetic mothers
C-section

37
Q

TTN (transient tachypnoea of the newborn) - features and mx

A

most common after C-sections
features of respiratory distress - grunting and nasal flaring
supplementary oxygen if needed
often resolves within 1-2 days without treatment

38
Q

mx of scabies

A

permethrin first line

39
Q

Still’s murmur vs venous hum

A

Still’s murmur - low-pitched at LLSE

venous hum - continuous blowing noise below clavicles

40
Q

most common complication of roseola infantum

A

febrile convulsions

41
Q

most common complications of measles

A

otitis media
pneumonia
encephalitis

42
Q

risk factors for DDH

A

female sex
breech presentation
FHx
oligohydramnios

43
Q

Prader-Willi syndrome

A

hypotonia
hypogonadism
obesity

44
Q

causes of neonatal hypotonia

A

neonatal sepsis
hypothyroidism
Prader-Willi
maternal drugs, e.g. benzodiazepines

45
Q

most common fractures seen in NAI

A

radial
humeral
femoral

46
Q

when to refer to hospital in bronchiolitis

A

RR >60
feeding 50%-75%
clinical dehydration

47
Q

mx of bow legs

A

typically resolves by the age of 4-5 years so no mx needed if presenting before this

48
Q

rashes in varicella zoster vs roseola infantum

A

both have fever followed by rash
varicella - macular, then papular then vesicular rash that starts on head/trunk before spreading
roseola - pale pink macular rash starting on trunk then spreading to face, arms and legs

49
Q

triad of shaken baby syndrome

A
  1. retinal haemorrhages
  2. subdural haematoma
  3. encephalopathy
50
Q

how to measure neonatal jaundice

A

must measure urgently (within 2 hours)

do not use transcutaneous bilirubinometer

51
Q

types of laxatives used for paediatric constipation

A

Movicol and lactulose = osmotic

senna = stimulant

52
Q

mx of constipation

A
  1. Movicol

2. add Senna (stimulant laxative) if constipation present after 2 weeks of using Movicol

53
Q

omphalocele vs gastroschisis features + mx

A

omphalocele - abdominal contents protrude and are covered by peritoneum, staged repair beginning immediately and completed at 6-12 months
gastroschisis - defect in abdominal wall lateral to umbilical cord, immediate surgery

54
Q

mx of seborrhoea dermatitis in children

A

mild-moderate: baby shampoo and baby oils

severe: 1% hydrocortisone

55
Q

vitals in children >12 years

A

same as adults

56
Q

features of umbilical granuloma

A

small, red growth of tissue seen in centre of umbilicus

usually wet and leaks small amounts of clear/yellow fluid

57
Q

compression:ventilation ratio for newborn

A

3:1

58
Q

features of fragile X syndrome

A 
learning difficulties
large low set ears, long thin face
macroorchidism
autism
hypotonia
59
Q

features of osteochondritis dissecans

A

pain after exercise

intermittent swelling and locking

60
Q

features of chondromalacia patellae

A

common in teenage girls

anterior knee pain on walking up and down stairs and rising from prolonged sitting

61
Q

features of osgood-schlatter disease

A

sporty teenagers

pain, tenderness and swelling over tibial tuberosity

62
Q

mx of hydroceles in newborn male

A

usually resolve within first year of life

63
Q

Gilbert’s syndrome vs biliary atresia

A

Gilbert’s - normal LFTs (but raised unconjugated bilirubin)

biliary atresia - abnormal LFTs (raised conjugated bilirubin)

64
Q

branchial cyst vs cystic hygroma

A

branchial cyst - anterior triangle, near angle of mandible

cystic hygroma - posterior triangle, soft and transilluminate

65
Q

mx of coarctation of aorta

A

administer prostaglandins to maintain PDA

66
Q

mx of whooping cough

A

azithromycin or clarithromycin

67
Q

features of neonatal sepsis

A

high fever
inconsolable crying
dehydration (sunken fontanelle)
respiratory distress - GRUNTING

68
Q

features of meningitis in young children

A

non-specific signs such as irritability and poor feeding
bulging fontanelle
vomiting
fever

finals (25 decks)

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