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finals > haem > Flashcards

haem Flashcards

1
Q

mx of post-thrombotic syndrome

A

compression stockings

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2
Q

when does post-thrombotic syndrome occur

A

6 months to 2 years after a DVT

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3
Q

causes of petechiae in adults

A 
ITP
bone marrow failure (secondary to leukaemias, myelodysplasia or bone mets)
senile purpura
drugs
nutritional deficiencies
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4
Q

non-emergency mx of ITP in adults

A

platelet count >30 - observe

platelet count <30 - oral prednisolone

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5
Q

ix for polycythaemia vera (after FBC)

A

JAK2 mutation screen

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6
Q

sickle cell with high reticulocyte

A

sequestration crisis

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7
Q

sickle cell with low reticulocytes

A

aplastic anaemia caused by Parvovirus

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8
Q

diagnostic criteria for tumour lysis syndrome (TLS)

A

positive laboratory TLS (raised uric acid, hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphataemia or hypocalcaemia)
AND
positive clinical TLS (increased creatinine, cardiac arrhythmia or seizure)

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9
Q

ABX for neutropenic sepsis

A

IV Tazobactam and Piperacillan (Tazocin)

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10
Q

what can myelodysplasia transform into?

A

AML

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11
Q

what can CML transform into?

A

AML or ALL

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12
Q

what can CLL transform into?

A

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Richter’s transformation)

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13
Q

CML bloods

A

increase in granulocytes at different stages of maturation

anaemia

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14
Q

CLL bloods

A

lymphocytosis
anaemia
smudge cells

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15
Q

transfusion threshold NO ACS

A

70 g/L

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16
Q

transfusion threshold ACS

A

80 g/L

17
Q

features of TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)

A 
FAT RN 
Fever
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal failure
Neuro features
18
Q

myeloma bloods

A

raised Ca
normal/high phosphate
normal ALP

19
Q

mx of antiphospholipid syndrome

A

primary thromboprophylaxis - low dose aspirin
secondary thromboprophylaxis - lifelong warfarin
- initial VTE - target INR of 2-3
- recurrent VTE - target INR of 3-4 (if occurred whilst taking warfarin then consider adding low-dose aspirin)
- arterial thrombosis - target INR 2-3

20
Q

features of multiple myeloma

CRABBI

A 
Calcium raised
Renal failure
Anaemia
Bone lesions
Bleeding (thrombocytopenia)
Infection
21
Q

FBC in beta thalassaemia trait

A

Microcytosis disproportionate to anaemia

22
Q

what are acute haemolytic transfusion reactions the result of

A

RBC destruction by IgM antibodies

23
Q

features of tumour lysis syndrome

A

hyperkalaemia
hyperphosphataemia
hypocalcaemia

24
Q

mx of tumour lysis syndrome

A

Allopurinol

25
Q

which leukaemia may polycythaemia rubra vera transform into

A

AML

26
Q

ITP in adults

A

thrombocytopenia

any of: purpura, epistaxis or major haemorrhage (e.g. intracranial)

27
Q

universal donor of fresh frozen plasma

A

AB RhD negative blood

28
Q

inheritance pattern of G6PD deficiency

A

X-linked

29
Q

direct Coombs test

A

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

30
Q

blood film findings in AML

A

Auer rods

31
Q

dx for painful vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell

A

clinical - no additional tests will confirm this

32
Q

when to think about autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

anaemia in Mycoplasma infection with raised LDH and raised unconjugated bilirubin

33
Q

antibodies to measure in macrocytic anaemia

A

INTRINSIC FACTOR

34
Q

blood film findings of G6PD deficiency

A

bite and blister cells

35
Q

bloods in DIC

A

low platelets and fibrinogen

prolonged PT, APTT and bleeding time

36
Q

bloods in alcoholic liver disease

A

macrocytic anaemia

thrombocytopenia

37
Q

when to transfuse platelets

A

platelet count <30x10^9 and clinically significant bleeding

platelet count <10x10^9 if no active bleeding

38
Q

bloods in von Willebrand disease

A

normal platelets
prolonged bleeding time
prolonged APTT

39
Q

bloods in anaemia of chronic disease

A

normocytic anaemia
low serum iron
low TIBC
raised ferritin

finals (25 decks)

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