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Paediatrics > Paediatric top tips > Flashcards

Paediatric top tips Flashcards

1
Q

Fever from any virus lasts how many days?

A

5

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2
Q

pneumonia in younger children, is bacteria or viruses the more common cause?

A

viruses

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3
Q

pneumonia in older children, is bacteria or viruses the more common cause?

A

bacteria

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4
Q

Viral pneumonia peaks at what what time of year?

A

winter

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5
Q

Bacterial pneumonia peaks at what what time of year?

A

it doesn’t - not seasonal

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6
Q

which STI is cause of pneumonia in new-borns?

A

C. trachomatis

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7
Q

which commensal organism in birth canal is harmless to mother but can cause problems to babies?

A

Group B strep

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8
Q

what infection can Group B strep cause in the baby?

A

pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis

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9
Q

In kids you hear a wheeze.

is cause viral or bacterial?

A

probably viral

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10
Q

Any child with fever and even minimal sign of resp distress, what should be on your radar?

A

pneumonia

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11
Q

immediately after birth what happens to weight?

A

lose some weight

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12
Q

Baby should be drinking how much breastmilk a day?

A

180ml/kg/day of milk

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13
Q

Baby should be gaining how much weight a week?

A

180g a week

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14
Q

in ounces how much weight a week should a baby gain?

A

ounce a day except Sundays

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15
Q

differentials for malabsorption syndromes of babies in 1st year of life?
-3

A

coeliac
Cystic fibrosis
lactose intolerance

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16
Q

baby loses some weight after birth for a few days, how long before he/she regain weight?

A

1 week

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17
Q

Rhinitis aka?

A

coryza

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18
Q

define rhinitis?

A

irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose

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19
Q

Common symptom of rhinitis/ coryza?

-4

A

a stuffy nose

runny nose

sneezing

post-nasal drip

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20
Q

Babies wean at what month?

A

6 months

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21
Q

Child with STI that were not there at birth is a sign of what?

A

sexual abuse

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22
Q

Child with torn frenulum is a sign of what?

A

sign of forcing bottle into mouth; abuse

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23
Q

Tics are worse at what age?

A

8

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24
Q

Tics usually disappear by when?

A

puberty ages

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25
Q

usual Mx for tics?

A

do nothing - just wait to go away on own

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26
Q

what can trigger tics in kids?

A

Anxiety and poor sleep

27
Q

mum with gestational diabetes,

what will be weight of baby when born?

A

macrocosmic baby; high weight

28
Q

macrocosmic baby born to mum with gestational diabetes,

should you be worried?

A

no - weight will come down on its own

29
Q

what very important event happens at 32 weeks gestation?

A

type 2 pneumocytes starts making surfactant

30
Q

surfactant function?

A

reduce surface tension

31
Q

what drug class can ↑/trigger the type 2 pneumocytes?

A

corticosteroids

32
Q

if mum is a smoker in pregnancy what will happen to baby’s airways structurally?#

what condition will now be worse in baby (if baby gets it ovo)?

A

baby born with smaller airways

asthma

33
Q

Fever + petechia/purpura are signs of what?

A

meningococcal septicaemia

34
Q

Baby with bruises but no rashes, what should be on your radar?

A

abuse

35
Q

Child gets infection, what happens to weight?

A

lose weight

36
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly is a sign of what/suggests what in kids?

A

malignant infiltration

37
Q

which blood cancer in kids has best prognosis?

A

ALL

38
Q

Neonatal jaundice after 48hrs which is mild is what type/class of jaundice?

A

physiological

39
Q

Neonatal jaundice before 24 hours must be what type/class of jaundice?

what should you ask mum>

A

pathological (early unconjugated)

rhesus status

40
Q

Wheeze before 1.

diagnosis?

usual virus?

A

bronchiolitis

RSV

41
Q

wheeze at ages 1-5.

diagnosis?

usual virus?

A

viral induced wheeze

PIV

42
Q

wheeze after 1 with a picture of asthma.

diagnosis?

what is the usual clinical picture of asthma?

(i. e. what tells you the wheeze is asthma and not just a viral infection)
- 4

A

asthma

wheeze with no coryzal symptoms
wheeze on exercise
wheeze in cold
wheeze in between infections

43
Q

can you get viral induced wheeze and asthma happening together?

A

yes

44
Q

how much weight loss in 1st week of life is normal?
(%wise)

why does this weight loss happen?

A

10%

happens because kidney suddenly start working and pee out a lot

45
Q

what can mum do to actually reduce risk of baby getting allergic to foods?

A

Breastfeed (till 1 year)

46
Q

if child not gaining weight always a red flag?

A

yes

47
Q

baby/infant back arches is a sign of what?

A

sign of reflux

48
Q

why is GORD common in babies?

A

LES sphincter is not developed

49
Q

Lactose intolerance means you are low in what enzyme?

A

lactase

50
Q

why do lactose intolerance babies/infants get diarrhoea

A

lactose ( a sugar) not broken down > sugar in gut pulls in water > diarrhoea

51
Q

main symptom of lactose intolerance in babies?

A

diarrhoea

52
Q

do you get vomiting with lactose intolerance in babies/infants?

A

no

53
Q

Neonate obs;

what is normal HR?

what is normal RR?

A

110 – 160bpm

40-60rr

54
Q

Neonate obs;

what is normal O2 sats?

A

> 95

55
Q

baby has red rash with nodules on back which is actually normal.

what is this rash called?

A

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

56
Q

purpose of the erythema toxicum neonatorum rash?

A

immune system getting rid of vernix caseosa

57
Q

Anterior fontanelle is full + tense,

what is this a sign of?

A

increase ICP (e.g. meningitis)

58
Q

at what age do you start toilet training?

A

age 2

59
Q

baby has sepsis.

main AB given?
route?

A

IV ceftriaxone

60
Q

baby has pneumonia.

main AB given?
usual route?

A

oral amoxicillin

61
Q

baby has tonsillitis.

main AB given?

A

penicillin

62
Q

Failure to thrive differentials?

-5

A

reflux

pyloric stenosis

breastfeeding

infection

intussusception

63
Q

what is the most common cause of serious lower resp tract infection in under 1s?

A

bronchiolitis

64
Q

what is the most common neonatal surgical emergency?

A

Necrotising Enterocolitis

Paediatrics (30 decks)

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