Paediatric top tips

Question 1

Fever from any virus lasts how many days?

Answer 1

5

Question 2

pneumonia in younger children, is bacteria or viruses the more common cause?

Answer 2

viruses

Question 3

pneumonia in older children, is bacteria or viruses the more common cause?

Answer 3

bacteria

Question 4

Viral pneumonia peaks at what what time of year?

Answer 4

winter

Question 5

Bacterial pneumonia peaks at what what time of year?

Answer 5

it doesn’t - not seasonal

Question 6

which STI is cause of pneumonia in new-borns?

Answer 6

C. trachomatis

Question 7

which commensal organism in birth canal is harmless to mother but can cause problems to babies?

Answer 7

Group B strep

Question 8

what infection can Group B strep cause in the baby?

Answer 8

pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis

Question 9

In kids you hear a wheeze.

is cause viral or bacterial?

Answer 9

probably viral

Question 10

Any child with fever and even minimal sign of resp distress, what should be on your radar?

Answer 10

pneumonia

Question 11

immediately after birth what happens to weight?

Answer 11

lose some weight

Question 12

Baby should be drinking how much breastmilk a day?

Answer 12

180ml/kg/day of milk

Question 13

Baby should be gaining how much weight a week?

Answer 13

180g a week

Question 14

in ounces how much weight a week should a baby gain?

Answer 14

ounce a day except Sundays

Question 15

differentials for malabsorption syndromes of babies in 1st year of life?
-3

Answer 15

coeliac
Cystic fibrosis
lactose intolerance

Question 16

baby loses some weight after birth for a few days, how long before he/she regain weight?

Answer 16

1 week

Question 17

Rhinitis aka?

Answer 17

coryza

Question 18

define rhinitis?

Answer 18

irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose

Question 19

Common symptom of rhinitis/ coryza?

-4

Answer 19

a stuffy nose

runny nose

sneezing

post-nasal drip

Question 20

Babies wean at what month?

Answer 20

6 months

Question 21

Child with STI that were not there at birth is a sign of what?

Answer 21

sexual abuse

Question 22

Child with torn frenulum is a sign of what?

Answer 22

sign of forcing bottle into mouth; abuse

Question 23

Tics are worse at what age?

Answer 23

8

Question 24

Tics usually disappear by when?

Answer 24

puberty ages

Question 25

usual Mx for tics?

Answer 25

do nothing - just wait to go away on own

Question 26

what can trigger tics in kids?

Answer 26

Anxiety and poor sleep

Question 27

mum with gestational diabetes, what will be weight of baby when born?

Answer 27

macrocosmic baby; high weight

Question 28

macrocosmic baby born to mum with gestational diabetes, should you be worried?

Answer 28

no - weight will come down on its own

Question 29

what very important event happens at 32 weeks gestation?

Answer 29

type 2 pneumocytes starts making surfactant

Question 30

surfactant function?

Answer 30

reduce surface tension

Question 31

what drug class can ↑/trigger the type 2 pneumocytes?

Answer 31

corticosteroids

Question 32

if mum is a smoker in pregnancy what will happen to baby's airways structurally?# what condition will now be worse in baby (if baby gets it ovo)?

Answer 32

baby born with smaller airways asthma

Question 33

Fever + petechia/purpura are signs of what?

Answer 33

meningococcal septicaemia

Question 34

Baby with bruises but no rashes, what should be on your radar?

Answer 34

abuse

Question 35

Child gets infection, what happens to weight?

Answer 35

lose weight

Question 36

Hepatosplenomegaly is a sign of what/suggests what in kids?

Answer 36

malignant infiltration

Question 37

which blood cancer in kids has best prognosis?

Answer 37

ALL

Question 38

Neonatal jaundice after 48hrs which is mild is what type/class of jaundice?

Answer 38

physiological

Question 39

Neonatal jaundice before 24 hours must be what type/class of jaundice? what should you ask mum>

Answer 39

pathological (early unconjugated) rhesus status

Question 40

Wheeze before 1. diagnosis? usual virus?

Answer 40

bronchiolitis RSV

Question 41

wheeze at ages 1-5. diagnosis? usual virus?

Answer 41

viral induced wheeze PIV

Question 42

wheeze after 1 with a picture of asthma. diagnosis? what is the usual clinical picture of asthma? (i. e. what tells you the wheeze is asthma and not just a viral infection) - 4

Answer 42

asthma wheeze with no coryzal symptoms wheeze on exercise wheeze in cold wheeze in between infections

Question 43

can you get viral induced wheeze and asthma happening together?

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

how much weight loss in 1st week of life is normal? (%wise) why does this weight loss happen?

Answer 44

10% happens because kidney suddenly start working and pee out a lot

Question 45

what can mum do to actually reduce risk of baby getting allergic to foods?

Answer 45

Breastfeed (till 1 year)

Question 46

if child not gaining weight always a red flag?

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

baby/infant back arches is a sign of what?

Answer 47

sign of reflux

Question 48

why is GORD common in babies?

Answer 48

LES sphincter is not developed

Question 49

Lactose intolerance means you are low in what enzyme?

Answer 49

lactase

Question 50

why do lactose intolerance babies/infants get diarrhoea

Answer 50

lactose ( a sugar) not broken down > sugar in gut pulls in water > diarrhoea

Question 51

main symptom of lactose intolerance in babies?

Answer 51

diarrhoea

Question 52

do you get vomiting with lactose intolerance in babies/infants?

Answer 52

no

Question 53

Neonate obs; what is normal HR? what is normal RR?

Answer 53

110 – 160bpm 40-60rr

Question 54

Neonate obs; what is normal O2 sats?

Answer 54

>95

Question 55

baby has red rash with nodules on back which is actually normal. what is this rash called?

Answer 55

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

Question 56

purpose of the erythema toxicum neonatorum rash?

Answer 56

immune system getting rid of vernix caseosa

Question 57

Anterior fontanelle is full + tense, what is this a sign of?

Answer 57

increase ICP (e.g. meningitis)

Question 58

at what age do you start toilet training?

Answer 58

age 2

Question 59

baby has sepsis. main AB given? route?

Answer 59

IV ceftriaxone

Question 60

baby has pneumonia. main AB given? usual route?

Answer 60

oral amoxicillin

Question 61

baby has tonsillitis. main AB given?

Answer 61

penicillin

Question 62

Failure to thrive differentials? | -5

Answer 62

reflux pyloric stenosis breastfeeding infection intussusception

Question 63

what is the most common cause of serious lower resp tract infection in under 1s?

Answer 63

bronchiolitis

Question 64

what is the most common neonatal surgical emergency?

Answer 64

Necrotising Enterocolitis