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Paediatrics > Newborn baby check > Flashcards

Newborn baby check Flashcards

1
Q

average weight of a neonate?

A

3.5kg

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2
Q

average head circumference of a neonate?

A

35cm

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3
Q

average body length of a neonate?

A

50cm

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4
Q

define low birth weight?

A

<2.5kg

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5
Q

define very low birth weight?

A

<1.5kg

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6
Q

Scoring system used right after birth

A

APGAR

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7
Q

using APGAR at what minutes are checked?

A

1 , 5 ,10

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8
Q

highest score in APGAR?

A

10

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9
Q

lowest score in APGAR?

A

0

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10
Q

what modalities are checked in APGAR?

A 
Pulse
Respiratory Effort
Colour 
Muscle tone 
Reflex Irritability
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11
Q

what is score of 2 in each APGAR modality? (i.e. what is normal)?

Pulse
Respiratory Effort
Colour 
Muscle tone 
Reflex Irritability
A 
Pulse - >100
Respiratory Effort - Strong, crying
Colour - Pink
Muscle tone - Active
Reflex Irritability - cries/sneeze, cough
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12
Q

what is score of 1 in each APGAR modality?

Pulse
Respiratory Effort
Colour 
Muscle tone 
Reflex Irritability
A 
Pulse - <100
Respiratory Effort - Weak, irregular
Colour - Body pink, extremities blue
Muscle tone - Legs flexed
Reflex Irritability - Grimace
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13
Q

what is score of 0 in each APGAR modality?

Pulse
Respiratory Effort
Colour 
Muscle tone 
Reflex Irritability
A 
Pulse - Absent
Respiratory Effort - nil
Colour - Blue all over 
Muscle tone - Floppy 
Reflex Irritability - Nil
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14
Q

normal apgar score?

A

7-10

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15
Q

moderate Apgar score?

A

4 - 6

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16
Q

low Apgar score?

A

0-3

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17
Q

why do babies rarely get 10 on Apgar?

A

babies still acrocyanotic at 5 minutes

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18
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you check for at the head?
-2

A

Subgaleal haematoma

bruises

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19
Q

how will a Subgaleal haematoma look/behave compared to other bruises or swelling?

A

fluctuating swelling then rapidly expands

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20
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you check for at the face?
-1

A

facial nerve palsy

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21
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you check for in the eyes?
-1

A

red reflex (cataracts)

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22
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you check for at the mouth?
-2

A

cleft lip and palate

Tongue ties

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23
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you look for at the neck?
-2

A

torticollis

cystic hygroma

24
Q

torticollis treatment for neonates?

A

physiotherapy

25
Q

what does cystic hygroma look like?

A

swollen neck

26
Q

how do you diagnose cystic hygroma?

A

shine light on swollen neck, goes translucent

27
Q

how do you treat cystic hygroma?

A

sclerosing injection

28
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you look for at the neck/arm region?

A

Erb’s palsy

29
Q

Erb’s palsy is damage to what?

A

c5 c6 nerves

30
Q

when did the nerves get damaged in Erb’s palsy?

A

during birth

31
Q

sign of Erb’s palsy?

A

waiter’s tip hand

32
Q

1st Mx for Erb’s palsy?

A

wait and watch, resolves on own

33
Q

how long does it take for Erb’s palsy to resolve on its own?

A

couple of weeks

34
Q

2nd line Mx if Erb’s palsy does not resolve on its own?

A

surgery

35
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what normal sign will you see on skin at the trunk?
-1

A

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

36
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you look for at the abdomen?
-1

A

gastroschisis

37
Q

what is gastroschisis?

A

baby intestines herniates through the umbilicus

38
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you look for at the genitalia of males?
-1

A

Male – testes descended

39
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you look for/check for at the pelvic and perineal region?
-2

A

feel femoral pulses

anal atresia

40
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what MSK conditions do you look for?
-1

A

hip dysplasia

41
Q

Ix to confirm neonatal hip dysplasia?

A

US

42
Q

1st line Mx for hip dysplasia?

A

palvik harness

43
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you look for at the bottom of the spine?

A

dimples

44
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you look for on the skin of the lower back?

A

mongolian blue spot

45
Q

mongolian blue spot aka?

A

congenital lumbosacral dermal melanocytosis

46
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you check for at the hands?
-2

A

single palmar crease

overriding of fingers

47
Q

single palmar crease is a sign of what?

A

downs

48
Q

overriding of fingers is a sign of what?

A

Edwards

49
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you check for at the feet?

A

club foot

50
Q

between day 3 - 10 what screening do you for neonates?

A

Heel Prick Test

51
Q

Heel Prick Test aka?

A

Guthrie test

52
Q

what conditions do you screen for at the Guthrie test?
-4

and what would be a +ve result for each one?
-3

A

Phenylketonuria - ↑phenylalanine
congenital hypothyroidism - ↑TSH
cystic fibrosis - ↑immune-reactive trypsin
Sickle cell disease

53
Q

within 4 weeks what other screening (not a blood test) is done?

A

hearing test

54
Q

Causes of low birth weight?

-2

A

IUGR

TORCH infections

55
Q

IUGR complications?

-2

A

easily tire because do not have fat (hypothermia) or glycogen stores (hypoglycaemia)

56
Q

Cause of high birth weight?

-1

A

maternal gestational diabetes

57
Q

explain why maternal gestational diabetes causes a macrocosmic baby?

and what risk is posed to neonates born to mum’s with gestational diabetes?

A

lots of sugar given to foetus in utero > foetus ↑insulin > once born neonate does not get high glucose nutrition but still has high insulin > RISK = hypoglycaemia

RISK = hypoglycaemia

Paediatrics (30 decks)

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