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Newborn baby check Flashcards

1
Q

average weight of a neonate?

A

3.5kg

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2
Q

average head circumference of a neonate?

A

35cm

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3
Q

average body length of a neonate?

A

50cm

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4
Q

define low birth weight?

A

<2.5kg

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5
Q

define very low birth weight?

A

<1.5kg

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6
Q

Scoring system used right after birth

A

APGAR

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7
Q

using APGAR at what minutes are checked?

A

1 , 5 ,10

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8
Q

highest score in APGAR?

A

10

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9
Q

lowest score in APGAR?

A

0

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10
Q

what modalities are checked in APGAR?

A 
Pulse
Respiratory Effort
Colour 
Muscle tone 
Reflex Irritability
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11
Q

what is score of 2 in each APGAR modality? (i.e. what is normal)?

Pulse
Respiratory Effort
Colour 
Muscle tone 
Reflex Irritability
A 
Pulse - >100
Respiratory Effort - Strong, crying
Colour - Pink
Muscle tone - Active
Reflex Irritability - cries/sneeze, cough
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12
Q

what is score of 1 in each APGAR modality?

Pulse
Respiratory Effort
Colour 
Muscle tone 
Reflex Irritability
A 
Pulse - <100
Respiratory Effort - Weak, irregular
Colour - Body pink, extremities blue
Muscle tone - Legs flexed
Reflex Irritability - Grimace
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13
Q

what is score of 0 in each APGAR modality?

Pulse
Respiratory Effort
Colour 
Muscle tone 
Reflex Irritability
A 
Pulse - Absent
Respiratory Effort - nil
Colour - Blue all over 
Muscle tone - Floppy 
Reflex Irritability - Nil
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14
Q

normal apgar score?

A

7-10

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15
Q

moderate Apgar score?

A

4 - 6

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16
Q

low Apgar score?

A

0-3

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17
Q

why do babies rarely get 10 on Apgar?

A

babies still acrocyanotic at 5 minutes

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18
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you check for at the head?
-2

A

Subgaleal haematoma

bruises

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19
Q

how will a Subgaleal haematoma look/behave compared to other bruises or swelling?

A

fluctuating swelling then rapidly expands

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20
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you check for at the face?
-1

A

facial nerve palsy

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21
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you check for in the eyes?
-1

A

red reflex (cataracts)

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22
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you check for at the mouth?
-2

A

cleft lip and palate

Tongue ties

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23
Q

you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate.

what do you look for at the neck?
-2

A

torticollis

cystic hygroma

24
Q

torticollis treatment for neonates?

A

physiotherapy

25
what does cystic hygroma look like?
swollen neck
26
how do you diagnose cystic hygroma?
shine light on swollen neck, goes translucent
27
how do you treat cystic hygroma?
sclerosing injection
28
you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate. what do you look for at the neck/arm region?
Erb’s palsy
29
Erb’s palsy is damage to what?
c5 c6 nerves
30
when did the nerves get damaged in Erb’s palsy?
during birth
31
sign of Erb’s palsy?
waiter’s tip hand
32
1st Mx for Erb’s palsy?
wait and watch, resolves on own
33
how long does it take for Erb’s palsy to resolve on its own?
couple of weeks
34
2nd line Mx if Erb’s palsy does not resolve on its own?
surgery
35
you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate. what normal sign will you see on skin at the trunk? -1
Erythema toxicum neonatorum
36
you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate. what do you look for at the abdomen? -1
gastroschisis
37
what is gastroschisis?
baby intestines herniates through the umbilicus
38
you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate. what do you look for at the genitalia of males? -1
Male – testes descended
39
you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate. what do you look for/check for at the pelvic and perineal region? -2
feel femoral pulses | anal atresia
40
you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate. what MSK conditions do you look for? -1
hip dysplasia
41
Ix to confirm neonatal hip dysplasia?
US
42
1st line Mx for hip dysplasia?
palvik harness
43
you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate. what do you look for at the bottom of the spine?
dimples
44
you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate. what do you look for on the skin of the lower back?
mongolian blue spot
45
mongolian blue spot aka?
congenital lumbosacral dermal melanocytosis
46
you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate. what do you check for at the hands? -2
single palmar crease | overriding of fingers
47
single palmar crease is a sign of what?
downs
48
overriding of fingers is a sign of what?
Edwards
49
you are doing a head to toe exam on a recently born neonate. what do you check for at the feet?
club foot
50
between day 3 - 10 what screening do you for neonates?
Heel Prick Test
51
Heel Prick Test aka?
Guthrie test
52
what conditions do you screen for at the Guthrie test? -4 and what would be a +ve result for each one? -3
Phenylketonuria - ↑phenylalanine congenital hypothyroidism - ↑TSH cystic fibrosis - ↑immune-reactive trypsin Sickle cell disease
53
within 4 weeks what other screening (not a blood test) is done?
hearing test
54
Causes of low birth weight? | -2
IUGR | TORCH infections
55
IUGR complications? | -2
easily tire because do not have fat (hypothermia) or glycogen stores (hypoglycaemia)
56
Cause of high birth weight? | -1
maternal gestational diabetes
57
explain why maternal gestational diabetes causes a macrocosmic baby? and what risk is posed to neonates born to mum's with gestational diabetes?
lots of sugar given to foetus in utero > foetus ↑insulin > once born neonate does not get high glucose nutrition but still has high insulin > RISK = hypoglycaemia RISK = hypoglycaemia

Paediatrics (30 decks)

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