Paediatric Global Health

Question 1

What are the new words for developing and developed countries?

Answer 1

Low/middle/high income countries

Question 2

What age group has the biggest percentage of deaths?

Answer 2

Neonatal deaths (first month)

Question 3

What are simple measures which can reduce neonatal deaths?

Answer 3

Antenatal care (tetanus vaccine, treatment of material HIV, syphilis and malaria)
Steroids for preterm labour
Skilled birth attendant present (clean delivery, dry and keep baby warm, resus asphyxiated babies, recognise warning signs for referral)
Antibiotics for sepsis and pneumonia

Question 4

Name some replacements for neonatal ICU in africa

Answer 4

Homemade hand gel
DIY resuscitare (light, heater, clock, drawers)
Kangaroo care
"hot rooms"
Establish feeding/NG
Bubble CPAP

Question 5

Management of diarrhoea

Answer 5

Oral rehydration solution (ORS)

Zinc supplements

Question 6

WHO’s 6 solutions to preventable deaths

Answer 6

1. immediate and exclusive breastfeeding
2. skilled attendants for antenatal, birth and postnatal care
3. access to nutrition and micronutrients
4. family knowledge of danger signs in a child’s health
5. water, sanitation and hygeine
6. immunisations

Question 7

How is most HIV transmitted?

Answer 7

Mother to child

Question 8

How is mother to child transmission of HIV prevented?

Answer 8

Maternal lifelong antiretroviral treatment
Screen for and treat other STDs e.g. herpes
Infant prophylaxis for 6 weeks

Question 9

What are the diagnostic tests of HIV in children?

Answer 9

<18 months - virological PCR for HIV DNA or RNA

>18 months - serological rapid antibody test

Question 10

What is the treatment of HIV?

Answer 10

Two NRTIs plus one NNRTI or protease inhibitor

Question 11

What are the side effects of HIV treatment?

Answer 11

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) - treated with NSAIDs

Question 12

What else would you give someone on HIV treatment?

Answer 12

Co-trim prophylaxis

Routine vaccinations

Question 13

Malaria investigation

Answer 13

Blood film for microscopy or rapid diagnostic test

Question 14

What is the management for malaria?

Answer 14

Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for 3 days

Prevention: long lasting insecticidal nets
Pilot of malaria vaccine

Question 15

Management of malnutrition

Answer 15

Investigate cause
Vitamin A
De-worm
Ready to use therapeutic food (RUTF)
Make sure vaccinated

Question 16

Can maternal education affect a child’s health?

Answer 16

Yes

Secondary school education decreases chance of child dying by 2 thirds