Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes

Question 1

Factors which influence height ?

Answer 1

Age
sex
Race 
Nutrition
Parental heights
Puberty
Skeletal maturity
Chronic disease
Growth disorders
Socio-economic status
Emotional wellbeing

Question 2

Measurement of head circumference is routine for which age group ?

Answer 2

Children <2 years

Question 3

What are the common ways to assess growth in children/Babies ?

Answer 3

Height/Length/Weight
Growth charts
Target centiles
Growth velocity 
Bone age
Pubertal assessment

Question 4

What are the indications for refferals for growth disorders ?

Answer 4

Extreme short or tall stature.
Height below target height.
Abnormal height velocity.
History of chronic disease
Obvious dysmorphic syndrome.
Early/Late puberty

Question 5

What are the pathological causes of short stature ?

Answer 5

Undernutrition
Chronic illness
Iatrogenic (Steroids)
Psychological and social 
Hormonal
Syndromes

Question 6

What test would you carry out in a child to diagnose Coeliac or Juvenile Chronic Arthritis (JCA) ?

Answer 6

FBC
Ferritin
Coeliac serology and IgA

Question 7

What test would you carry out in a child to diagnose hormonal disorders ?

Answer 7

IGF-1
TFT
Prolactin
Cortisol

Question 8

What test would you carry out in a child to diagnose Turners syndrome ?

Answer 8

Karyotype

Question 9

What is the tool used to stage puberty ?

Answer 9

Tanner Method

Question 10

What is the definition of early and delayed puberty in boys ?

Answer 10

Early <9 years

Delayed >14 years

Question 11

What is the definition of early and delayed puberty in girls ?

Answer 11

Early < 8 years

Delayed > 13 years

Question 12

What is the aeitiology of Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty (CDGP)?

Answer 12

Boys Mainly
FH in dad or brothers
Bone age delay
Exclude Organic disease

Question 13

What are some of the causes of Precocious Pseudopuberty ?

Answer 13

Abnormal sex steroid hormone secretion.
Gonadotrophin independent.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Question 14

What is the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism in children ?

Answer 14

Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimotos)

Question 15

What childhood issues are caused by acquired hypothyroidism ?

Answer 15

Lack of height gain
Pubertal delay
Poor school performance

Question 16

What are the main symptoms in children with TIDM ?

Answer 16

Thirst
Thinner Tired
Using toilet more

Question 17

What is a red flag symptom in children with TIDM ?

Answer 17

A return to bedwetting or day-wetting in a
previously dry child is a “red flag” symptom
for diabetes

Question 18

What are common symptoms for TIDM in children under 5 y/o?

Answer 18

heavier than usual nappies
blurred vision
candidiasis (oral, vulval)
constipation
recurring skin infections
irritability, behaviour change

Question 19

What are the symptpms of DKA ?

Answer 19

Nausea and Vomitting
Abdo pain
Sweet smelling breath
Drowsiness
Rapid deep "sighing" respiration
Coma