Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Neonatology > Flashcards

Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

When does the development of the CVS start in the foetus?

A

Toward the end of the 3rd week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does the heart start to beat in the foetus ?

A

Beginning of the 4th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is the critical period of heart development ?

A

From day 20-50 after fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does the foetus receive oxygenated blood ?

A

Via the umbilical vein - Ductus Venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the blood get to the foetal left atrium?

A

Foramen Ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the blood get to the right ventricle in the foetus ?

A

Patent ductus Arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the oxygen saturation in the foetal body ?

A

60-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 main roles of the ductus arteriosus ?

A

Protects lungs against circulatory overload.
Allows the right ventricle to strengthen.
Carries low oxygen saturated blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 main roles of the Ductus Venosus ?

A

Foetal blood vessel connecting the umbilical vein to the IVC.
Blood flow regulated via sphincter.
Carries mostly oxygenated blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the normal blood pressure for a new born of 1 hr in age ?

A

70/44

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the normal blood pressure for a new born of 1 day in age ?

A

70(+/-/9)/42( +/- 12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the normal blood pressure for a new born of 3 days in age ?

A

77 (+/-12)/49 (+/-10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for a full term new born ?

A

30-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a full term new born ?

A

120-160bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

New born babies lack the shivering thermo genesis, true or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does physiological jaundice occur in the new born ?

A

DOL 2-3

Dissapears within 7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a normal weightloss in a new born and what is this due to ?

A

up to 10% is normal due to:
Shift of interstitial fluid to intravascular
Diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the causes of being small for dates ?

A

Maternal pre-eclamptic Toxemia (PET)
Chromosomal (Edwards Syndrome)
Infection (CMV)
Twin pregnancy

19
Q

What are the common problems with babies who are small for their date ?

A 
Perinatal Hypoxia
 Hypoglycaemia
 Hypothermia
 Polycythaemia
 Thrombocytopenia
 Hypoglycaemia
 Gastrointestinal problems
20
Q

What are the long-term issues in babies who are small for their date ?

A

Hypertension
Reduced growth
Obesity
Ischemic heart disease

21
Q

How do you prevent RDS during pregnancy ?

A

Antenatal steroids

22
Q

How is it treated post-natally ?

A

Surfactant

23
Q

What is broncho-pulmonary displasia ?

A

Infection via ETT
O2 Toxicity
Inflammatory changes

24
Q

How do you treat broncho-pulmonary displasia?

A

Patience
Nutrition
Steroids

25
Q

How do you prevent intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) in neonates ?

A

AN steroids

Drainage

26
Q

What is the physiology occuring in a patent ductus arteriosus ?

A

There is additional blood to the pulmonary circulation - creating lung oedema.

This stealing from the systemic circulation causes systemic ischaemia

27
Q

What are the consequences of a patent ductus arteriosus ?

A

Worsening of resp. symptoms and retention of fluids and GI problems

28
Q

What is Necrotising entero-colitis (NEC) ?

A

Ischaemic and inflammatroy changes.

Necrosis of the bowel

29
Q

How do you treat NEC ?

A

Surgical intervention required and antibiotics and parenteral nutrition

30
Q

What are signs of sepsis in a neonate ?

A 
Baby pyrexia or hypothermia
Poor feeding
Lethargy
Early jaundice
Tachypnoea 
Hypo 
Floppy
Asymptomatic
31
Q

What is the management for presumed sepsis in a baby ?

A 
Septic screen and blood gas. 
Consider CXR.
IV penicillin and gentamicin. 
Adding metronidazole if surgical/abdominal concerns.
Fluid management
Monitor vital signs.
32
Q

Top 5 bacteria which causes neonatal sepsis ?

A 
Group B Strep.
E. Coli
Listeria
Coag-neg staph.
Hamophilus Influenzae.
33
Q

Name the most common congenital infections in neonates

A 
ToRCH:
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
CMV
Herpes
34
Q

How does Transient Tachypnoe of the New born (TTN) present and how is it managed ?

A 
Presents within the first few hours of life:
Grunting 
Tachypnoea
Oxygen requirement
Normal gases
Delay in clearance of foetal lung.

Management:
Supportive, antibiotics, fluids, O2 and airway support

35
Q

What are the symptoms of Meconium aspiration ?

A 
Cyanosis
Increased work of breathing 
Grunting 
Apnoea
Floppiness
36
Q

What investigations should be done for a baby who has suspected inhaled Meconium ?

A

Blood gas
Septic screen
CXR

37
Q

What is the treatment for aspiration of Meconium ?

A 
Suction below cords
Airway support (Inutbation and ventilation)
Fluids and antibiotics
Surfactant
NO or ECMO
38
Q

What investigations would you do for a blue baby ?

A 
Examination and history
Sepsis screen
Blood gas and BM
CXR
Pulse oximetry
ECG
Echo
39
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for ‘blue baby’ ?

A

Tetralogy of fallots
Tricuspid atresia
Pulmonary atresia

40
Q

What are some of the causes of birth asphyxia?

A 
Placental problem
Difficult delivery
Umbilical cord problem
Infection
Neonatal airway problem
Neonatal anemia
41
Q

What is the 1st stage of Asphyxia ?

A

Within minutes without O2

Cell damage occurs with lack of blood flow and O2

42
Q

What is the 2ns stage of Asphyxia ?

A

Reperfusion injury
Can last days or weeks.
Toxins are released from damaged cells

43
Q

How do you manage Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy ?

A 
Supportive
Fluid restriction
Monitor for liver and renal failure.
Respiratory support.
Cardiac support.
Treat seizures.
Therapeutic hypothermia.
44
Q

What are some of the cuases of failure to pass stool ?

A 
Constipation
Large bowel atrsia
Imperforate anus +/- fistula
Hirschsprungs disease.
Meconium ileus (think CF)

Paediatrics (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions