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Paediatrics > Growth and Development > Flashcards

Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neonate defined as?

A

< 4 weeks old

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2
Q

What is an infant defined as?

A

<12m/1year

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3
Q

What is a toddler defined as?

A

1-2 years

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4
Q

What is a definition of pre-school age?

A

2-5 years

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5
Q

What are the 5 key developmental fields?

A 
Gross Motor
Fine Motor
Social and Self Help
Speech and Language
Hearing and Vision
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6
Q

What is a milestone defined as?

A

An achievement of key developmental skills

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7
Q

What are some influencing factors in a child’s growth and development?

A

Genetics
Environment
Positive/Negative childhood experience

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8
Q

What are some adverse environmental factors which can influence a child antenatal and postnatal?

A 
Antenatal: Infection (Rubella, Toxoplasmosis)
and toxins (Infections, Toxins, Malnutrition (Iron, folate and Vit D), maltreatment and maternal health issues.
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9
Q

What are some of the reasons we assess child development?

A 
Reassurance 
Early diagnosis and intervention
Improving outcomes
Genetic counselling
Coexistent health issues
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10
Q

What do we use to assess child development?

A

Healthy Child Programme (HCP) UK

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11
Q

Name some of the red flags in child development

A
  • No social smile by 2 months
  • Not sitting unsupported by 9 months
  • Not walking unsupported by 18 months
  • No words by 2 years
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12
Q

What does the child health programme include?

A 
New born exam and blood spot screening.
New-born hearing screening (by day 28).
Health visitor first visit.
6-8 review (max 12W).
27-30 month review (Max 32m).
Orthoptist vision screening (4-5y).
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13
Q

What happens in the 6-8w review?

A

Identification data
Feeding (Breast/bottle/both)
Parental concerns
Development of the 5 key skills.
Measurements
Examination (Heart, hips, testes, genitalia, femoral pulses and eyes)
Sleeping position (Supine, prone or side).

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14
Q

What happens in the 27-30m review?

A

ID
Development of the 5 key stages.
Physical measurements
Diagnoses/other issues.

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15
Q

At what age does the child get their first lot of immunisations?

A

6-8 weeks

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16
Q

At what age does the child get their 2nd lot of immunizations?

A

12 wks

17
Q

No live vaccines if the child is immunocomprimised true or false?

A

True

18
Q

Egg allergy is a contraindication to MMR true or false?

A

False

19
Q

What are the 3 physical measurements which are key?

A

Weight (g/Kg).
Length (cm) or Height if >2y.
Head Circumference (cm).

20
Q

What is the definition of a ‘Centile’?

A

% divisions of the refernce population sampled.

21
Q

What is the definition of ‘50th Centile’?

A 
If you take the average 100 healthy children 50 are above this point and 50 are below.
About half the kids in class are smaller
22
Q

What is the definition of the 0.4th centile?

A

If you take the average 1000 healthy children 4 are below this point 996 are above.

23
Q

What is the definition of Failure to Thrive ?

A

Child growing too slowly in form and usually in function at the expected rate for his or her age.

This is not a diagnosis but a description of a pattern.

24
Q

What are the maternal causes of FTT in early life?

A

Poor lactation
Incorrectly prepared feeds
Unusual milk or other feeds
Inadequate care

25
Q

What are the infant causes of FTT in early life?

A

Prematurity
Small for dates
Oro palatal abnormalities (e.g. cleft palate)
Neuromuscular disease (e.g. cerebral palsy)
Genetic disorders

26
Q

What are some of the metabolic causes of FTT in early life ?

A 
Congenital lung disease
Heart disease
Liver disease
Renal disease
Infection
Anemia
Inborn errors of metabolism
Cystic fibrosis
Thyroid disease
Crohn’s/ IBD
Malignancy
27
Q

What are some of the nutrient loss causes of FTT ?

A

Gastro oesophageal reflux
Pyloric stenosis
Gastroenteritis (post-infectious phase)

Malabsorption:

Food allergy
Persistent diarrhoea
Coeliac disease
Pancreatic insuffiency
Short bowel syndrome
28
Q

What are some of the non-medical causes of FTT in early life?

A

Poverty/ socio-economic status
Dysfunctional family interactions (especially maternal depression or drug use)
Difficult parent-child interactions
Lack of parental support (eg, no friends, no extended family)
Lack of preparation for parenting/ education
Child neglect
Emotional deprivation
Poor feeding or feeding skills disorder

Paediatrics (17 decks)

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