Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Flashcards
Name some techniques to measure normal growth and development in children?
Height, length, head circumference, weight, bone age, pubertal assesment
What factors influence height?
Age, sex, race, nutrition, parental heights, puberty, skeletal maturity, general health, chronic disease, specific growth disorders, socio-economic status
When are the earliest objective signs of puberty ?
Breast Budding in a female
Testicular Enlargement in a boy
What are the most common causes of short stature?
Familial, Constitutional or SGA (small for Gestational Age)/IUGR
What are causes for SGA?
Undernutrition, Chronic Illness, Iatrogenic (steroids), psychological and social, GHD, Hypothyroidism, Syndromes
What are the most important pubertal stages ?
b2 in a girl
t3-4 in a boy
When is puberty early ?
Age <9 years in males, age<8 females
When is puberty delayed?
> 14 in males, >13 females
When does CDGP occur?
In boys mainly, FH in dad or brothers, bone age delay
Name some features of Central Precocious Puberty
- Breast/Testicular enlargement
- Growth Spurt
- Advanced Bone Age
What are the causes of Central Precocious Puberty ?
Girls - idiopathic
Boys - potential brain tumour
When is a child classed as being overweight?
BMI >85th Centile
When is a child classed as being obese?
BMI > 97.5th Centile
What are the assessments for childhood obesity?
Weight, BMI, Height, Waist Circumference, Skin Folds, History and Examinations, Complications
What drugs can cause obesity?
Insulin, steroids, antithyroid drugs, sodium valproate
