Endocrine Anatomy Flashcards
Where does the pituitary gland lie?
Within the hypophyseal fossa
On which bone is the hypophyseal fossa located?
The sphenoid
How is the optic chiasm related to the pituitary?
It lies superior
What does an enlarged pituitary gland result in?
Bitemporal Hemianopia
How is the pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus?
Via the pituitary stalk
How is the pituitary gland split?
Into anterior and posterior lobes
Which of the two pituitary lobes is glandular?
The anterior lobe
What does the posterior pituitary secrete?
ADH and oxytocin
Describe the histology of the anterior pituitary
ACIDOPHILS - stain pink
BASOPHILS - stain light purple
CHROMOPHOBES- appear pale
What do somatotrophs secrete?
Growth Hormone —> liver and muscles
What do mammotrophs secrete?
Prolactin —> mammary glands
What are the two classes of acidophils?
Somatotrophs and mammotrophs
What are the three classes of Basophils?
Corticotrophs, Thyrotrophs, Gonadotrophs
What do corticotrophs secrete?
ACTH —> Adrenal Gland
MSH —> skin and hair?
What do thyrotrophs secrete?
TSH —> Thyroid
What do gonadotrophs secrete?
FSH —> Ovary
LH —> Ovary and Testis
Where do the arteries which supply the pituitary originate from?
The internal carotid artery
Name the two arteries which supply the pituitary?
The superior hypophysial artery and the inferior hypophysial artery
What occurs to the superior hypophysial artery do when it enters into the substance of the hypothalamus?
Split into capillaries which supply the anterior pituitary gland
What artery supplies the posterior pituitary gland?
The inferior hypophysial artery
How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary?
The hypophyseal portal system
How does the hypothalamus communicate with the posterior pituitary?
The infundibulum
What drains the pituitary gland?
Hypophysial veins which drain into the cavernous sinus
Where is the thyroid in relation to the trachea and larynx?
Anterior to trachea, inferior to the larynx
Where is the thyroid located?
Vertebral level c5-t1 and between the thyroid cartilage and the 6th tracheal ring
Where does the isthmus lie?
Opposite the 2nd-4th tracheal rings
What nerve runs between the trachea and oesophagus?
The recurrent laryngeal nerve
What nerve lies close to the superior thyroid artery?
External laryngeal
From which major artery in the neck does the superior thyroid artery arise?
The ECA
Into which vein does the superior and middle thyroid vein drain?
IJV
From which major artery in the neck does the inferior thyroid artery arise?
Subclavian
Into which vein does the inferior thyroid vein drain?
Brachiocephalic
Where do lymph vessels from the thyroid drain?
Into the deep cervical lymph nodes
How is a colloid formed?
When a hormone is bound to a glycoprotein within the cavity of a follicle
What do C Cells secrete?
Calcitonin
What does the thyroid gland secrete?
T3, T4 and Calcitonin
Where do the parathyroid glands lie?
The medial half of the posterior lobe of the thyroid lobe, external to the thyroid fibrous capsule
How many parathyroid glands are there?
4
Where are the superior parathyroids located?
At the level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
Where are the inferior parathyroids located?
near the inferior poles of the thyroid
What supplies the parathyroid glands?
The inferior thyroid arteries
What drains the parathyroid glands?
The superior and middle thyroid vein
What cell types lie within the parathyroid?
Cheif cells and the oxyphil cells
What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid?
Parathyroid hormone
Where are the suprarenal glands situated?
the upper pole of each kidney
How are suprarenal glands separated from the kidneys?
By a capsule
How is the suprarenal gland split?
Into the outer cortex and the inner medula
On the right side, into which vein does the suprarenal gland drain?
IVC
On the left side, into which vein does the suprarenal drain vein?
The left renal vein
What do chromaffin cells secrete?
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
What are the three hormone types secreted from the cortex of the suprarenal gland?
Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, Androgens
