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p5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a quantity?

A

a property that can be given a number and therefore can be measured or calculated

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2
Q

what is a scalar quantity?

A

quantities with only magnitude i.e size

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3
Q

what is a vector quantity?

A

quantities with both magnitude and direction

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4
Q

name five scalar quantities

A
  • energy
  • time
  • distance
  • speed
  • temperature
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5
Q

name six vector quantities

A
  • forces
  • momentum
  • displacement
  • velocity
  • acceleration
  • current
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6
Q

go down five from base unit

A
  • milli
  • micro
  • nano
  • pico
  • femto
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7
Q

what is distance?

A
  • scalar quantity:
    the length of the path between start and finish
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8
Q

what is displacement?

A
  • vector quantity
    how far you’ve travelled from the start in a straight line and includes direction
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9
Q

what is velocity ?

A

velocity is speed in a given direction

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10
Q

what is the equation for speed?

A

speed = distance/ time

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11
Q

what is the equation for velocity?

A

velocity = displacement/ time

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12
Q

what is a force?

A

a force is a push or pull

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13
Q

what three things can a force change about an object ?

A
  • speed
  • direction
  • shape
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14
Q

what are the three non contact forces?

A
  • weight
  • magnetic
  • electrostatic
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15
Q

what are contact forces?

A

contact forces are forces that can act between objects when they are touching

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16
Q

what are non contact forces?

A

non contact forces are forces that can act between objects which are not touching

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17
Q

name the six contact forces

A
  • normal contact force
  • upthrust
  • driving force / thrust
  • air resistance / drag
  • friction
  • tension
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18
Q

what is normal contact force?

A

a supporting force acting on objects resting on a solid

it acts 90° to the surface

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19
Q

what is upthrust?

A

acts upwards on objects that are in liquids

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20
Q

what is driving/ thrust force?

A

force causing motion (e.g engine of a car/ legs of a swimmer)

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21
Q

what is air resistance/ drag?

A

resistive force acting on objects moving through the air

acts in the opposite direction to the direction of motion

called drag if motion is through a liquid

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22
Q

what is friction?

A

acts in objects sliding over each other

acts in the opposite direction to motion

force arrow must be drawn along the surfaces in contact

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23
Q

what is tension?

A

a force developed in a rope, string or cable when it is being pulled.

tension along the rope/ cable is in the direction that is opposite to the force applied on it

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24
Q

what is electrostatic force?

A

force of attraction/ repulsion between charged objects

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25
Q

what is magnetic force?

A

force of attraction/ repulsion between magnetic poles or magnetic matetials

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26
Q

what is resultant force?

A

the overall force acting on an object.
it has both magnitude and direction

27
Q

what is mass?

A

the mass of an object is a measure of how much matter it is made of

it is the same everywhere in the universe

28
Q

what are the units for mass?

A

kilograms (kg)

29
Q

how is mass measured?

A

using a top pan balance

30
Q

explain the concept of gravity

A
  • all objects with a mass have gravity which attracts other objects with a mass towards it
  • the greater the mass the stronger it’s gravity
  • hence, why only the gravity of massive objects like stars and planets are noticeable
  • strength of an objects gravity is defined by the gravitational field strength
31
Q

what is weight?

A

weight is the force acting on an object, due to another objects gravity

32
Q

what are the units of weight?

A

Newtons (N)

33
Q

what two factors does weight depend on?

A
  • the mass of the object
  • the gravitational field strength at that particular location
34
Q

how is mass measured?

A

Newton meter

35
Q

what is the equation for weight?

A

W = m x g

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

W: Newtons (N)
m: kilograms (kg)
g: Newtons per kilogram (N/kg)

36
Q

what is the centre of mass?

A

the centre of mass of an object is a point at which the weight is considered to act

37
Q

equation for work done

A

W = F x s

work done = force x distance

38
Q

what are the four ways of describing motion in an object?

A
  1. stationary
  2. constant speed/ velocity
  3. accelerating
  4. decelerating
39
Q

what is constant speed/ velocity?

A

distance travelled each second is constant

40
Q

what is acceleration?

A

rate of change in velocity

(speed is increasing by the same amount every second)

41
Q

equation for speed

A

speed = distance/ time

42
Q

equation for velocity

A

velocity = displacement / time

43
Q

two equations for acceleration

A

acceleration = change in velocity/ time taken

acceleration = final velocity - initial velocity / time taken

units: acceleration = m/s^2

44
Q

equation to work out constant acceleration

A

v^2 - u^2 = 2as

v: final velocity (m/s)
u: initial velocity (m/s)
a: acceleration (m/s^2)
s: distance or displacement (m)

45
Q

explain why an object moving in a circle at a constant speed is accelerating (3)

A
  • acceleration is the rate of change in velocity
  • velocity is a vector quantity so
  • when moving in a circle, whilst magnitude is constant, direction changes causing velocity to change
46
Q

what is free - falling?

A
  • object only has weight acting on it
  • there are no resistive forces such as air resistance or friction
  • near earths surface, free falling objects have a downwards constant acceleration of 9.8m/s^2
47
Q

how can the speed of a car be determined using a single light gate?

A
  • measure the length of the car to use as the distance with a ruler
  • use a timer to measure the time in which the light gate was blocked
  • use the equation speed = distance/ time to calculate speed
48
Q

what does the gradient of a velocity-time graph show?

A

acceleration or deceleration

49
Q

what does the area under the line of a velocity-time graph show?

A

displacement

50
Q

what does the gradient of a distance-time graph show?

A

speed

51
Q

how do you determine instantaneous motion of a motion-time graph?

A

calculate gradient of tangent

52
Q

equation for resultant force

A

F = m x a

F: Newtons (N)
m: kilograms (kg)
a: metres per second squared (m/s^2)

53
Q

what is newton’s first law ?

A

objects will remain at rest, or continue moving with a constant velocity unless acted on by an additional force

54
Q

what is newton’s second law?

A

acceleration is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on an object when mass is constant

acceleration is inversely proportional to the objects mass when resultant force is constant

55
Q

what is newton’s third law?

A

when two bodies interact with each other, they exert equal and opposite forces of the same type on eachother

56
Q

what is inertia?

A

the tendency id an object to continue in its current state (at rest or constant velocity)

57
Q

with reference to newtons laws, explain why a gun recoils when a bullet is fired (3)

A

when the bullet is fired

there was a forward force exerted on the bullet by the gun

according to newton’s third law, the bullet exerts an equal and opposite (backwards) force ok the gun, hence why it recoils

58
Q

what is stopping distance?

A

the sun of the thinking distance and the braking distance

59
Q

what is the thinking distance?

A

distance travelled during the drivers reaction time

60
Q

what is braking distance?

A

distance travelled under braking force

61
Q

what factors increase thinking distance?

A
  • tiredness
  • taking drugs
  • drinking alcohol
  • using a phone
62
Q

what factors increase braking distance?

A

reduce friction between road and tyres by:
- wet/ icy roads (poor weather conditions)
- potholes (poor road conditions)
- worn out tyres (poor vehicle conditions)

reduce braking force applied:
- worn out/faulty breaks

63
Q

what is the relationship between thinking distance and speed?

A

directly proportional

science (13 decks)

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