c8 Flashcards
what is a solvent?
a liquid in which another substance (solute) can be dissolved in
what is a solute?
a substance dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
what is a solution?
a mixture of one substance dissolved in another
what does filtration separate?
insoluble solid from liquid
what does distillation separate?
liquids with different boiling points
what are you left with after filtration?
filtrate and solid left in funnel
what are you left with after distillation?
pure liquids
what does chromatography separate?
separates dissolved substances that have different solubilities from solution
what does evaporation separate?
soluble solid from liquid
what is left after evaporation?
crystals
what is a formulation?
a mixture that is made with specific quantities to carry out its function
what is the mobile phase in chromatography?
when substance is dissolved in solvent and is moving up the paper
explain the movement of more soluble substances during chromatography
- more soluble substances will move faster so move higher up the paper
- as it is a smaller molecule
- and has less attraction to the paper
explain the movement of less soluble substances during chromatography
- less soluble substance will move slower so move less high up the paper
- as it is a larger molecule
- and had more attraction to the paper
how do you work out retention factor?
distance travelled by substance/ distance travelled by solvent
explain test and result for carbon dioxide
test: bubble through limewater
result: turns cloudy/ white precipitate forms
explain test and result for hydrogen
test: lit splint
result: goes out with a squeaky pop sound
explain test for oxygen and result
test: glowing split
result: relights
explain test for chlorine and result
test: damp blue litmus paper
result: turns white
what is the flame emission spectroscopy used for
to identify elements. commonly used with ions in solution
what’s the flame colour of a potassium ion?
lilac
what’s the flame colour of a lithium ion?
crimson
what’s the flame colour of a calcium ion?
orange - red
what’s the flame colour of a copper ion?
green
what’s the flame colour of a sodium ion?
yellow
test and result for sulphate ion
add HCl and BaCl2
white precipitate forms (barium sulphate)
test and result for carbonate ion
add HCl
carbon dioxide gas produced
test and result for chloride ion
add nitric acid (HNO3) and silver nitrate (AgNO3)
white precipitate forms (AgCl)
test and result for bromide ions
add nitric acid (HNO3) and silver nitrate (AgNO3)
cream precipitate forms (AgBr)
test and result for iodide ions
add nitric acid (HNO3) and silver nitrate (AgNO3)
yellow precipitate forms (AgI)
