Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

science > chemistry > Flashcards

chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what’s the relative mass of a neutron

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what’s the relative mass of a proton

A

1 m/u

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what’s the relative mass of an electron

A

1/2000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why are the elements in group 0 unreactive

A

they have a stable arrangement of electrons (full outer shell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name two differences between newlands periodic table and the modern one

A

(no group zero.)
(the halogens are in group one)
the transition metals are in groups
hydrogen is in a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why did mendeleev change the order of some of the elements when developing his periodic table

A

some of the elements appeared to be in the wrong group when the elements were arranged in order of relative atomic mass so he placed them into groups with similar properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why are the elements ordered differently in the modern periodic table

A

most elements are mixtures of isotopes so should be arranged in order of atomic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what’s the size of a prokaryotic cell

A

0.1 - 5.0 micrometers in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what’s the size of a eukaryotic cell

A

10 to 100 micrometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does the diameter of the atom effect the reactivity of group one elements (4 marker)

A

as the diameter increases, the reactivity increases because as the diameter increases the outer electron is further from the nucleus so the outer electron is less attracted to the nucleus so the outer electron is lost more easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why do atoms have an overall neutral charge

A

protons are positive and electrons are negative and theree are the same number of each in an atom. therefore the opposite charges cancel out to make no overall charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what’s the equation for the reaction of potassium with water

A

2K + 2H2O + 2KOH + H2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why is oxygen described as reduced in the reaction between sodium and oxygen?

A

because oxygen gains electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why does sodium oxide have a high melting point (3)

A

it has a giant structure with strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions so large amounts of energy are needed to break the forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an isotope?

A

an atom with the same proton number but different numbers or neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give two reasons why the discovery of gallium six years after the publish of mendeleev’s periodic table helped the table become more accepted

A

1 - gallium fitted a gap that mendeleev left

2 - the properties were predicted correctly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what’s the name of elements in group 0

A

noble gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what increases down group 0

A

boiling points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of particles are in a sample of neon?

A

atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the type of bonding in sodium?

A

metallic

21
Q

give two ways in which the observations of alkali metals with water reactions show change in reactivity down group 1

A

1 - increasing rate of bubble production

2 - increasing speed of movement

22
Q

out of diamond , magnesium, poly(ethene), sodium chloride and water which two substances have intermolecular forces between particles?

A

poly(ethene) and water

23
Q

atoms were first thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided

what particle was this

A

electron

24
Q

what type of particle was fired at gold atoms to discover the new model of the atom

A

alpha particles

25
Q

which scientist suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

A

bohr

26
Q

what scale matches 1 x 10^-2

A

a sports arena of radius 100m

27
Q

name three differences between the nuclear model and plum pudding model

A

in the plum pudding model, the atom is a ball of positive charge

the nuclear model is mostly empty space

in the nuclear model, the electrons and nucleus are separate

28
Q

describe the change that niels bohr made to the nuclear model

A

electrons orbit the nucleus
electrons are at specific distances from the nucleus

29
Q

which particle has the lowest mass

A

electron

30
Q

what is mass number

A

number of protons plus number of neutrons

31
Q

james chadwick proved the existence of the…

A

neutron

32
Q

what is the test for chlorine gas

A

damp litmus paper turns white

33
Q

describe what happens when sodium reacts with fluorine to produce sodium fluoride

A

sodium loses one electron fluorine gains one. an ionic bond is formed

34
Q

what are two properties of ionic substances

A

dissolve in water
high melting point

35
Q

why does pure water not conduct electricity

A

there’s no delocalised electrons

36
Q

going down group 7….

A

the melting points increase because the size of the molecules increases so the intermolecular forces increase

37
Q

is chlorine gas coloured, flammable or toxic

A

toxic

38
Q

why does the mass increase in the reaction iron + chlorine —> iron chloride

A

because chlorine atoms are now a part of the solid (iron chloride)

39
Q

what’s the modern name for atomic weight

A

relative atomic mass

40
Q

how are elements arranged in the modem periodic table

A

in order of increasing atomic number

41
Q

give two differences between properties of iron and sodium

A

iron has higher boiling point and iron is less reactive

42
Q

why can carbon be used to extract nickel from nickel oxide

A

carbon is more reactive so will displace nickel

43
Q

why does iron not belong in a group with oxygen and sulfur

A

iron is a metal

44
Q

why did mendeleev leave gaps for undiscovered elements

A

so that elements with similar properties could be placed together

45
Q

why are lithium sodium and potassium all in group one

A

all have one electron in the other shell so they have similar properties

46
Q

covalent bonding takes place between…

A

non metals

47
Q

ionic bonding takes place between

A

metals and non metals

48
Q

what is ionic bonding

A

ionic bonding is the transfer of electrons from one atom to another to form oppositely charged ions. strong electrostatic forces hold these ions together

49
Q

what is metallic bonding

A

positive metal ions are arranged regularly with a sea of delocalised electrons. the strong electrostatic forces of attraction hold the structure together

science (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions