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Geography > P2C Resource management > Flashcards

P2C Resource management Flashcards

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1
Q

state reasons for demand outstripping supply (3)

A
  • population growth- more people consuming energy
  • economic development- happening globally, in LICs/NEEs more energy is being consumed for development (industry/food/water) and the growing population
  • development of technology- demand for resources results in the need for modern technology, energy consumed in appliances
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2
Q

describe the significance of food in LICs

A
  • suffer from food insecurity+ famine due to food shortage- as a result of extreme weather+ poverty
  • without sufficient+ reliable food sources people become undernourished- prevents them from working to earn money for family+ receiving education
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3
Q

describe the significance of food in HICs (the UK)

A
  • UK imports 40% of food- due to demand for greater choice of exotic foods+ unsuitable growing conditions in the UK
  • importing food increases food miles+ the consumer’s carbon footprint
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4
Q

state methods of ethical food consumption (4)

A
  • eat locally sourced farm foods
  • eat foods in season
  • reduce food waste+ over-purchasing
  • eat organic produce (uses environmentally+animal friendly farming methods, healthier)
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5
Q

describe pros and cons of importing foods

A

/ provides workers in LICs with an income to provide for families, taxes from their incomes contribute to local development
X less land for locals to grow their own food, increases food miles so bad for the environment

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6
Q

describe the significance of water

A
  • clean water supply needed for drinking/ cooking/ washing/ toilet flushing/ agriculture/ manufacturing
  • areas of high water demand which exceed their supply are under water stress
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7
Q

describe the distribution of water in the UK

A
  • north-west has a water surplus: due to high rainfall, hills, less urban development, winds from the Atlantic
  • south-east has a water deficit: due to low rainfall, large population, therefore high demand, water stress in London+ SE major cities
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8
Q

describe the causes and impacts of water pollution (6)

A
  • sewage containing bacteria pumped into water sources - spreads infectious diseases
  • chemicals used in agriculture (pesticides/fertilisers) run-off from farmland - pollutes rivers+ kills wildlife
  • untreated wastewater from industry - unsafe drinking water
  • hot water used in industrial cooling processes - increased water temp kills sealife
  • rubbish/litter (shopping trolleys/plastic/food wrappers) - disrupts habitats+ ruins landscape
  • oil/petrol from boats/ships enters coastal waters
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9
Q

describe the UK’s energy mix

A
  • majority comes from fossil fuels; consumption is lower as industry declined (industrial revolution) + coal is a dirty fossil fuel + produces mass amounts of CO2
  • UK aims to bring greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by reducing demand + increasing renewable energy supply
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10
Q

describe the process and pros+cons of hydraulic fracking

A

drilling into shale rock to release the natural gas trapped in underground fissures
/ energy security as it uses UK’s own natural resources, creates a diverse energy supply, clean energy source as it emits less carbon than other fossil fuels
X groundwater pollution from chemicals in the sand mixture used, localised earthquakes+ noise pollution, loss of natural amenities/areas/landscape/properties

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11
Q

describe the location and process of a local renewable energy scheme in an LIC (case study)

A
  • Nepal- mountainous, land-locked, part of the Himalayas
  • micro-hydro plant built in Karbang- simple, community built, makes use of the land height+ streams
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12
Q

describe the pros of a local renewable energy scheme in an LIC (case study) (6)

A
  • improved healthcare- medicines can be refrigerated
  • reduced fire risk- kerosene lamps used in the past no longer needed
  • reduced flood risk- plant provides water regulation
  • improves availability- energy available even in winter/ all year round
  • reliable- less electricity power cuts
  • street lamps built- allow working+ travelling after dark
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13
Q

describe the cons of a local renewable energy scheme in an LIC (case study) (4)

A
  • expensive investment from the UN
  • site-specific for the water source
  • environment damage from structures
  • limited energy output
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14
Q

describe the neg impacts of energy insecurity (4)

A
  • food production: agribusiness requires a lot of energy (machinery/transport), causes price increases/inflation (economic)
  • exploration of sources: land flooded for dams, deforestation for biofuel farms, visual pollution from wind+solar, causes environmental damage (enviro)
  • rise in cost of living: food/ travel/ domestic becomes more expensive (social)
  • conflict: between energy consumers, between countries with sufficient+ low supply, between neighbouring countries sharing an energy source
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15
Q

describe the term agribusiness

A
  • modern farming
  • the application of business skills to food production
  • to maximise profit + increase food production
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16
Q

describe factors affecting energy supply/availability (3)

A
  • geology: whether a country has fossil fuels- exploitation depends on the country’s economics/ the source’s reliability/ affordability/ technology to extract it
  • climate: affects potential use of renewable energy
  • environment conditions: affects accessibility therefore affordability, eg. natural disasters affect infrastructure needed
17
Q

describe factors affecting energy consumption (4)

A
  • technology development: modern technology gives access to different forms of energy -> more energy available -> cheaper so consumption increases
  • economic development: increased consumption due to advanced agriculture/ industry/ transport
  • regulations: prevent construction of nuclear plants/ turbine farms + exploitation of fossil fuels
  • technology development: efficient appliances lower energy costs -> decreases consumption
18
Q

describe methods of sustainable energy consumption/ conservation (4)

A
  • home design: motion activated lights, insulated walls, energy meters, rain/grey water collection, triple-glazed windows
  • efficient technology (improved appliances consuming minimum energy): hybrid/electric cars, LED lights
  • public transport: reduces short car journeys so reduces energy consumption- cycling, walking
  • ethical food consumption: local food sourcing, foods in season, reduce food waste+ over-purchasing, organic produce

Geography (4 decks)

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