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BIOE 211 > P1. Nature of Biostatistics and Data Processing > Flashcards

P1. Nature of Biostatistics and Data Processing Flashcards

1
Q

Science dealing with the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data.

COAI

A

Statistics

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2
Q

Art of summarizing data so that non-statistician can understand it.

A

Statistics

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3
Q
  • tool in decision making
  • formulation of good judgement
  • METHOD or DATA
A

Statistics

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4
Q

BIO means?
STATISTICS means?

A

LIFE
DATA

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5
Q

a special branch of statistics which deals with quantitative and qualitative aspects of vital phenomena

A

Biostatistics

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6
Q

data required in the planning, administration, and evolution of health programs

A

Health Statistics

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7
Q

2 Branches of Statistics?

A
  1. Descriptive Statistics
  2. Inferential Statistics
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8
Q
  • summarize and present data
  • measures of central tendency & variability
  • tabulation & graphical presentation
  • understanding, analysis and interpretation of data
A

Descriptive Statistics

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9
Q
  • conclusions & generalizations about target population from a sample.
  • Estimation of parameters and hypotheses testing.
A

Inferential Statistics

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10
Q

all members of a specified group

A

Population

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11
Q

subset of a population

A

Sample

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12
Q

measure of a characteristic of a population

A

Parameter

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13
Q

value of a characteristic that remains the same from person to person, from time to time or from place to place

A

Constant

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14
Q

characteristics takes on different values

A

Variable

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15
Q

Types of Data according to Source:

A

Primary Data
Secondary Data

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16
Q

Types of Variables:
1. descriptions or labels to distinguish one group from another
2. can be measured and ordered according to quantity or amount and expressed numerically

A
  1. qualitative
  2. quantitative
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17
Q

Types of Quantitative Data:
1. can assume a finite or countable number of values.
2. can assume an infinity or other possible values

A
  1. discrete
  2. continuous
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18
Q

Scale of Measurement of Variables:

A
  1. Nominal
  2. Ordinal
  3. Interval
  4. Ratio
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19
Q
  • names or identifiers of a category
  • Always qualitative
  • Does not represent any amount or quantity
A

Nominal

20
Q
  • ordered series of relationships
  • May be qualitative or quantitative
A

Ordinal

21
Q
  • Does not have a true-zero value starting point
  • Always quantitative
A

Interval

22
Q
  • Modified interval level which includes zero as a starting point
  • Always quantitative
A

Ratio

23
Q

Systematic procedure to ensure that the information/data gathered are complete, consistent and suitable for analysis.

A

Data Processing

24
Q

Biostatistics Flowchart?

A
  1. Data Collection
  2. Data Processing (coding, encoding, editing)
  3. Analysis
25
Q

Conversion of verbal/written information into numbers which can be more easily encoded, counted and tabulated.

A

Data Coding

26
Q

4 types of codes:

A
  1. field code
  2. bracket code
  3. factual code
  4. pattern code
27
Q

actual value or information given by the respondent

A

Field Code

28
Q

recorded as range of values rather than actual values

A

Bracket Code

29
Q

codes are assigned to a list of categories of a given variable

A

Factual Code

30
Q

applicable for questions with multiple responses

A

Pattern Code

31
Q

Rules in Code Construction:

A
  • Number of rules must be kept to minimum (<8)
  • Codes should be exhaustive and mutually exclusive
  • Adopt coding convention for questions with similar answers
32
Q

Coding Problems

A
  • No response
  • Not applicable questions
33
Q

A document which contains a record of all codes assigned to the responses to all questions in the data collection form

A

Coding Manual

34
Q

Minimum information that must be included in a coding manual?

A
  1. variable name
  2. variable description
  3. coding instructions
35
Q

id
- Enter as is (number must be unique)

A

Identification number

36
Q

com
- 1 = ?
- 2 = ?

A

Type of community
- 1 = rural
- 2 = urban

37
Q

name
- Enter as is

A

Name of respondent

38
Q

sex
- 1 = ?
- 2 = ?
- 9 = ?

A

Gender of respondent
- 1 = male
- 2 = female
- 9 = no asnwer

39
Q

age
- Enter as is
- 9 – no answer

A

Age in years

40
Q

occ
- 1 = ?
- 2 = ?
- 3 = ?
- 9 = no asnwer

A

Occupation of respondent
- 1 = white collar
- 2 = blue collar
- 3 = none

41
Q

fhpn
- 1 = ?
- 2 = ?
- 7 = ?
- 9 = no asnwer

A

Family history of HPN
- 1 = with
- 2 = without
- 7 = i don’t know

42
Q

Entering the data/responses in a spreadsheet
– MS Excel
– MS Access
– Epi Info

A

Data Encoding

43
Q

Inspection and correction of any errors or inconsistencies in the information collected

must be done (?) during data collection, encoding, before data analysis

A

Data Editing

44
Q

2 types of Editing?

A
  1. Field Editing
  2. Central Editing
45
Q
  • Reviewing the accomplished data collection forms
  • Decoding of abbreviations or special symbols
  • Making callbacks/messages for verification/clarification of incomplete answers
A

Field Editing

46
Q
  • Checking of inconsistencies and incorrect entries after receiving the questionnaire from the field
  • Checking of encoded data
A

Central Editing

BIOE 211 (35 decks)

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