F1. CAUSAL INFERENCE & NON-CAUSAL INFERENCE.

Question 1

• using statistical methods to characterize the association between variables.
• statistical dependence between two variables.
• either positive or negative association.

Answer 1

STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION.

Question 2

• process of ascribing causal relationships to associations between variables.
• proves association between the variables.

Answer 2

CAUSAL INFERENCE.

Question 3

2 TYPES OF ASSOCIATION:

Answer 3

1. Causal.
2. Non-causal.

Question 4

2 subdivisions of Causal:

Answer 4

1. Direct.
2. Non-direct.

Question 5

[risk/positive] FACTORS that plays an essential role in producing an OUTCOME/DISEASE.

Answer 5

CAUSE.

Question 6

Identifiable [positive/negative] relationship between exposure and disease

Answer 6

Association.

Question 7

Presence of mechanism that leads from exposure to development of disease

Answer 7

Cause.

Question 8

Alteration in the frequency or quality of one event is followed by a change in the other.

Answer 8

Causal.

Question 9

Association is a result of the relationship of both factor and disease with a THIRD VARIABLE

Answer 9

Non-Causal.

Question 10

1. the alteration in factor A is directly related to the change in your factor B.
2. there is another factor/ third-party factor with the change of the outcome/disease.

Answer 10

1. direct.
2. non-direct.