M5. The HOST factors of disease.

Question 1

Host factors of disease includes?

Answer 1

1. Age
2. Sex
3. Race
4. Habits, customs, religions
5. Exposure to agent
6. Defense mechanism of the host

Question 2

• the process of adaptive immunity manifested by the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes.
• ANTIBODIES directly from our bodies.

Antibodies binds to specific Antigens.

Answer 2

Humoral defense

Question 3

nonspecific effector cells of the innate immune response.

innate immune responses are the first line of defense against invading pathogens.

sila agad yung umaatake sa microorganism na pumasok sa body natin. hindi siya sa specific na foreign substance lang umaatake. basta kapag may nakapasok, patayen agad.

Answer 3

Cellular defense

Question 4

this is the total property of an individual to protect himself from an infectious agent

Answer 4

Immunity

Question 5

Two types of Immunity:

Answer 5

1. Non-specific resistance
2. Specific resistance

Question 6

present at the time of birth or has developed during maturation

Answer 6

Non-specific resistance.

Question 7

acquired as a result of prior exposure with a foreign substance

Answer 7

Specific resistance

Question 8

Non-specific Defense Mechanisms

Answer 8

• Skin
• mucosal surface
• Tears
• Saliva
• acid pH of gastric juice
• phagocytes & macrophages
• Age, nutrition status, genetic factors

Question 9

2 types of Specific Resitance.

Answer 9

1. ACTIVE IMMUNITY
- Natural acquired active immunity
- Artificially acquired active immunity
2. PASSIVE IMMUNITY
- Natural acquired passive immunity
- Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 10

what has been introduced to the individual is the ANTIGEN

Answer 10

Active Immunity

Question 11

infective agent will gain entry to the body, act as stimulant for antibody formation because the organism acts as antigen.

naturally acquired infection helped produce antibodies.

Answer 11

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 12

when the antigen has been deliberately introduce like injecting vaccines, they act as antigen to stimulate antibody formation.

Answer 12

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 13

when what has been introduced to the body is already ANTIBODIES

Answer 13

Passive Immunity

Question 14

exhibited by the transfer of antibodies from mother’s placenta to the fetus and transfer of antibodies from breast milk to the baby.

Answer 14

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 15

Injection of artificially prepared substance like immune serum of gamma globulin. These two are antibodies preparation.

Answer 15

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 16

• immunity of a group or a community
• “resistance” of a group to invasion and spread of an infectious agent based on the immunity of a high proportion of individual members of the group

important factor underlying the dynamics of?

Answer 16

Herd Immunity

propagated epidemics

Question 17

4 community reactions to agent:

Answer 17

1. Sporadic
2. Endemic
3. Epidemic [Outbreak]
4. Pandemic

Question 18

• intermittent presence of a disease
• occurrence of a few cases every now and then often without relationship to each other

Answer 18

Sporadic

Question 19

constant presence of a disease within a geographical area

Answer 19

Endemic

Question 20

occurrence in a community of cases of an illness clearly in excess of normal expectancy

Answer 20

Epidemic [Outbreak]

Question 21

• an outbreak of exceptional proportion spreading quickly from one area to another
• epidemic of worldwide proportion

Answer 21

Pandemic