F3. ANALYTICAL studies: Cohort. [3]

Question 1

SOURCES of COHORT GROUPS:

GSS

Answer 1

1. general population/ geographically defined groups.
2. special EXPOSURE groups.
3. special RESOURCE groups.

Question 2

examples of sources of cohort groups:

1. individuals that have same experience @ one point in time. MARAWI SEIGE SURVIVORS, YOLANDA SURVIVORS.
2. doctors, nurses, medtechs, engineers.

Answer 2

1. special EXPOSURE groups.
2. special RESOURCE groups.

Question 3

True or False:

presence of EXPOSURE already existed in COMPARISON GROUPS…

Answer 3

FALSE, mhiema!

ABSENT SI EXPOSURE! ALAWS EXPOSURE sa COMPARISON GROUPS.

Question 4

True or False:

CHARACTERISTICES of COMPARISON GROUP is SIMILAR to the STUDY GROUP.

Study Group:
1. EXPOSED GROUP.
2. UNEXPOSED GROUP.

Answer 4

TRUEEE WAWOOO!

Question 5

True or False:

information obtained from the non-exposed groups is adequate for comparison with the exposed group

Answer 5

TRUE…

Question 6

types of COMPARISON GROUP:

Answer 6

1. internal comparison group.
2. external comparison group.

Question 7

2 source of data:

Answer 7

1. EXPOSURE data.
2. OUTCOME data.

Question 8

exposure data involves:

Answer 8

1. pre-existing records.
2. direct physical/laboratory tests of cohort members.
3. self reports through interviews.
4. **environmental measurements. **

Question 9

outcome data involves:

Answer 9

1. obituaries and death certificates.
2. periodic exams of the participants.
3. health records.

Question 10

methods of analysis of COHORT studies:

Answer 10

1. measures of DISEASE OCCURENCE.
2. measures of ASSOCIATION.

Question 11

measures of disease occurence:

Answer 11

• INCIDENCE PROPORTION/ CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE.
• incidence density.
• mortality rates.

Question 12

measures of association:

Answer 12

ratio measures: RELATIVE RISK.
difference measures: ATTRIBUTABLE RISK.

Question 13

True or False:

Cohort studies give info about INCIDENCE, computes for RELATIVE RISK, and has a TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP.

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

True or False:

Cohort studies is not efficient in RARE EXPOSURE, but is efficient in RARE DISEASES.

Answer 14

FALSE, mhiema!
efficient = rare exposure.
not efficient = rare diseases.

Question 15

TAKE NOTE:

Answer 15

Cohort Studies is the strongest observational design because of its CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP.

Question 16

limitations of Cohort studies.

Answer 16

1. time consuming.
2. expensive.
3. large sample size.
4. loss to follow-ups.
5. decreases validity.
6. changes in diagnostic methods.

Question 17

Sources of bias:

yung systematic errors….

Answer 17

• selection bias
• misclassification bias
• confounding