(P) Lesson 4: Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards
According to the CDC, these are illnesses that spread from one person to another, an animal to a person, or a surface to food
Communicable Diseases
“Communicable diseases can impact resource-constrained communities and are linked to a complex range of overlapping determinants of health” what organization made this statement?
Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO)
T or F: Environmental change manifests in a simple web of ecologic and social factors that can impact disease
False (it is a COMPLEX web)
T or F: Environmental changes directly impact disease transmission rate
True
This refers to the outcome of the interplay between environmental change and the transmission cycle of a pathogen
Disease Burden
This system uses a pre-arranged sample of sources coming from physicians, hospitals, or clinics who have agreed to report on the cases of specific notifiable diseases
Hospital Sentinel Surveillance System (HSSS)
What does FHSIS stand for?
Field Health Services Information System
What does PIDSR stand for?
Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance Response System
This type of surveillance by the PIDSR involves a systematic collection and analysis of data to protect local communities
Case Surveillance
This type of surveillance by the PIDSR involves an organized and rapid capture of epidemiological data on acute public health threats
Event-based Surveillance
This system can detect where an outbreak can occur at any point in communities
Community-based Disease Surveillance System
This system relies on the collection of information with regards to microorganisms tested in the laboratory
Laboratory Surveillance System
Quarantine Health Services and Information Systems are provided by what department in the national governent?
Bureau of Quarantine (BOQ)
This enables the reporting of any epidemic alerts in real time at low cost and at low resource use; it leverages the capacity of community members to carry out surveillance activities within their respective communities
Community-based Disease Surveillance System
T or F: A Community-based Disease Surveillance System cannot temporarily replace nor strengthen existing surveillance systems
False (it can temporarily replace and it can strengthen other surveillance systems)
T or F: The Community-based Disease Surveillance System cannot ensure early detection and response
False (it can)
What does IFRC stand for?
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
What are the three components to the IFRC’s epidemic preparedness surveillance pyramid?
Emergency (top), Preparedness (middle), and Community Health Promotion and Risk Reduction (bottom)
T or F: Population awareness in community participation is the key to surveillance preparenedness
False (the key is investments and funding)
These are driven by rapid, unplanned urbanization, globalization of unhealthy lifestyles and population aging
Non-Communicable Diseases
T or F: NCDs kill over 31 million people each year (74% of deaths worldwide)
False (41 million)
T or F: People who die from NCDs commonly don’t reach 70
True
T or F: 86% of deaths caused by NCDs are from high-class and developed countries
False (low and middle-class countries)
What disease accounts for the most NCD-related deaths?
Cardiovascular Diseases
These are the four major diseases that cause NCD-related deaths
Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory illnesses, and diabetes
T or F: There are 5 groups of diseases that account for over 80% of all premature NCD deaths
False (there are only 4)
T or F: Palliative care is included in the key components of the response to NCDs
True
T or F: People of all age groups, regions, and countries can be affected by NCDs
True
T or F: Over 17 million NCD-related deaths occur after the age of 70
False (before 70)
What are the top 4 modifiable risk factors?
Unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, exposure to tobacco, and harmful substance abuse
This targets to reduce the probability of death from any of the four main NCDs between ages 30-70 years by one-third by the year 2030
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
T or F: Poverty is linked with NCDs
True
T or F: Funds for the supposed poverty reduction were used for healthcare costs
True
This was prepared for the Ministry of Health of the Philippines by WHO and UNDP in 2019
Prevention and Control of NCDs in the Philippines
T or F: The healthcare sector can shoulder all risk reduction tasks that need to be done in the community
False (all sectors should collaborate to reduce risks and promote interventions)
T or F: Detecting, screening, and treating NCDs and providing access to palliative care are delivered through a public health care approach
False (a PRIMARY health care approach)
This intervention was shown to have the highest economic benefit
Salt-reduction Interventions
RA 10351 (2012)
Sin Tax Reform Law
RA 10963 (2017)
Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN)
NCD maintenance medicine is under the provision of what program?
Medicines Access Program of the DOH
These mobile health programs comprise of a quit-line and smoking-cessation clinics
STOPSMOKE
This action plan addresses stunting, overweight, and obesity
Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (2017-2022)
How many demand-reduction measures of the WHO Framework Convention on tobacco control has the country accomplished?
2 out of 5
RA 10643 (2014)
Graphic Health Warnings Law
EO 26 (2017)
Providing for the Establishment of Smoke-free Environments in Public and Closed Spaces
A psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties that has been widely used in many cultures
Alcohol
T or F: Harmful drinking and TB and HIV/AIDS have a causal relationship
True
What does DALYs stand for?
Disability-Adjusted Life Years
According to the Food and Nutrition Research Institute and DOST in 2015, what percent of adults were not sufficiently physically active?
43%
T or F: Men are more physically inactive than women
False (women are more physically inactive (53%) than men (30%) especially those living in urban areas)
T or F: Physical inactivity has a causal relationship with coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, and breast and colon cancer
True
T or F: Sodium intake in the country has been estimated to be less than twice as high as the WHO recommendation
False (MORE THAN twice as high as the WHO recommendation)
T or F: High sodium intake may cause stomach cancer and increased risks for ischemic heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases due to hypertension
True
