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Community Public Health > (P) Lesson 1: Introduction to CPH > Flashcards

(P) Lesson 1: Introduction to CPH Flashcards

1
Q

“Health” is derived from what word?

A

Hal (hale, sound, or whole)

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2
Q

The state of complete well-being and not merely just the absence of a disease

A

Health

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3
Q

Collective body of individuals that share similar characteristics in terms of geography, culture, values, etc.

A

Community

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4
Q

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the efforts of a society

A

Public Health

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5
Q

What are the 3Ps of Public Health?

A
  • Preventing disease
  • Prolonging life
  • Promoting health
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6
Q

T or F: Public Health focuses on the curing of diseases rather than prevention

A

False (always after the preventative measures)

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7
Q

The prevention, treatment, and management of illnesses through medical services provided by health care professionals

A

Clinical Care

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8
Q

Refers to individual care

A

Health Care

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9
Q

A factor that contributes to the generation of a trait

A

Determinant

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10
Q

An illness in excess of normal expectancy that covers a large geographic distribution

A

Epidemic/Outbreak

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11
Q

Refers to the international/global spread of a disease

A

Pandemic

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12
Q

Refers to a disease that is usually present in a specific geographic area

A

Endemic

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13
Q

The result of a medical condition that impacts the length and quality of a person’s life

A

Health Outcome

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14
Q

The action intended to alter the course of a pathological process

A

Intervention

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15
Q

Approach to health that aims towards improving the health of a large number of people

A

Population Health

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16
Q

An action to avoid a phenomenon relating to disease

A

Prevention

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17
Q

What organization does this mission belong to? “As the nation’s leader in health, we are committed to guarantee equitable, accessible and quality health services for all Filipinos.”

A

Department of Health

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18
Q

What organization does this mission belong to? “Public Health aims to provided maximum benefit for the largest number of people.”

A

World Health Organization

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19
Q

What year was predicted to be the age where archeological findings of the first medical records originated from?

A

2,000 BC

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20
Q

Known as the earliest written record of public health

A

Code of Hammurabi

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21
Q

When was the Code of Hammurabi thought to have originated from?

A

1,900 BC

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22
Q

The book that gave guidelines for personal cleanliness and hygiene

A

Book of Leviticus

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23
Q

When did the Book of Leviticus originate from?

A

1,500 BC

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24
Q

T or F: Individual health was given more attention before than public or environmental health

A

True (it was believed that man was the most important being on Earth)

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25
Q

Known as the spiritual era of public health where epidemics ran more rampant especially with communicable diseases

A

Middle Ages

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26
Q

The period when people thought that diseases were caused by the environment and where the theory of disease causation started

A

Renaissance Period

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27
Q

A diagram containing the elements: Agent, Host, and Environment

A

Epidemiological Triad

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28
Q

The century when water sanitation was a big issue and the smallpox vaccine was made available

A

18th Century

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29
Q

Who discovered and created the smallpox vaccine?

A

Edward Jenner

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30
Q

Known as the modern era of public health where epidemics continued across cities of Europe and America

A

19th Century

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31
Q

The century when communicable diseases were the main issue as national laws started being placed

A

20th Century

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32
Q

The century where the main focuses were on healthcare delivery, policies, accessibility, environmental problems, drug abuse, etc.

A

21st Century

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33
Q

The age where Greeks and Romans practiced community sanitation measures

A

500 BC

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34
Q

The year when the Public Health Act of the UK was established

A

1848

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35
Q

The year when the Environmental Protection Agency was founded in the US

A

1970

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36
Q

One of the major pandemics that affected over 500 million people worldwide in 1918

A

Spanish Influenza

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37
Q

Vaccine production for this pandemic disease began in 1955 as disease eradication began in 1988

A

Polio

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38
Q

34 million people live with this disease worldwide but since 2001, there has been a 20% decline in new infections

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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39
Q

The most current pandemic with around 300 million cases and 5 million deaths

A

COVID

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40
Q

This event had utilized the plague as a weapon of war during the Siege of Kaffa

A

Biologic Warfare

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41
Q

The infamous date when public health surveillance was conducted after an alleged terrorist attack

A

September 11, 2001

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42
Q

The well known hurricane event in the US that triggered emergency, public health surveillance, and disease treatment services

A

Hurricane Katrina

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43
Q

The law that prevents smoking in public places

A

Tobacco Law

44
Q

The worldwide event that triggered companies to provide proper food labels and the promotion of physical activity

A

Obesity

45
Q

Under what era did ancient Filipinos believe that health is related to having a good relationship with the environment?

A

Pre-Spanish Era (before 1565)

46
Q

T or F: Ancient Filipinos believed that illnesses were caused by disharmony with the spiritual world

A

True (one must pray in order to cure themselves of the illness)

47
Q

Who are believed to be the mediators between the physical and spiritual world? (aka priestesses/healers)

A

Babaylans

48
Q

Under what era were the San Lazaro Church and Hospital created which represented early medical healthcare in the country?

A

Spanish Era (1565 - 1898)

49
Q

What is the name of the first hospital built in the Philippines that was funded by King Phillip?

A

Hospital Real

50
Q

Where was Hospital Real originally built?

A

Cebu

51
Q

Who were responsible for the initial establishment of the first health institutions in the country?

A

Spanish Friars

52
Q

Which disease epidemic began in 1574 under Spanish Rule?

A

Smallpox (bolotong)

53
Q

Which physician granted the Filipinos access to the smallpox vaccine?

A

Dr. Francisco de Balmis

54
Q

Malaria, dengue, and schistosomiasis were considered endemic in which country?

A

Southern China

55
Q

Under what period were the first crematoriums built in the Philippines?

A

American Period (1898 - 1918)

56
Q

Under American rule, they also established what committee in 1901?

A

Board of Health for Philippine Islands

57
Q

Which current-standing medical school was opened during the American Period?

A

UP College of Medicine

58
Q

This law was created to formalize US commitment towards giving Filipinos their freedom which gave rise to the creation of the Philippine Health Service

A

Jones Law

59
Q

After the Jones Law, the Mandate of Public Health and the North General Hospital were established, what is the current name of the North General Hospital?

A

Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center

60
Q

T or F: Mortality and morbidity rates for infectious diseases decreased during the American rule

A

False (it increased due to armed conflict between the Filipinos and Americans)

61
Q

Under what period was there a shortage of doctors and nurses that gave way to traveling x-ray and TB clinics?

A

Filipinization of Health Services (1918 - 1941)

62
Q

Which general advocated for public health and sanitation which led to the establishment of health and puericulture centers?

A

Major General Leonard Wood

63
Q

When was the Philippine Medical School founded?

A

1905

64
Q

Which US president demolished the Philippine Health Service, Office of the Public Welfare Commissioner, and the TB Commission and combined them all under the care of the Bureau of Public Health and Public Welfare in 1932?

A

President Theodore Roosevelt

65
Q

What is the name of the segregated islands used for people with leprosy?

A

Culion

66
Q

Who was elected as the Commissioner of Public Health and Welfare which triggered a decrease in water-borne disease incidents due to the creation of water filtration services in Manila?

A

Dr. Jose Fabella

67
Q

Under what rule was the country suffering from cases of TB, malaria, malnutrition, and over 5,000 escaped lepers in search of food due to resource scarcity?

A

Japanese Occupation (1941-1945)

68
Q

Which Philippine president established the National Advisory Council?

A

President Manuel Roxas

69
Q

This council was created under the DOH to study public health concerns and to make program recommendations

A

National Advisory Council

70
Q

When did WHO transfer from Hong Kong to the Philippines?

A

Around the 1950s

71
Q

The WHO gave its focus to USAID (United States Agency for International Development) which is the department concerned with?

A

Family Planning

72
Q

The WHO gave focus to UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) which is the department concerned with?

A

Campaigning against TB in children

73
Q

When was mass vaccinations of BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) made available to Filipino children?

A

1952

74
Q

Under whose presidential term were rural health units formed for every municipality?

A

Magsaysay Administration

75
Q

Under whose presidential term were the following contributions done?

→ Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act
→ Creation of the FDA
→ National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission
→ National Schistosomiasis Control Commission

A

Macapagal Administration

76
Q

Under whose presidential term did the Philippine Medical Care Act of 1969 (aka Medicare) get passed into law?

A

Marcos Administration

77
Q

This law extends healthcare services to all Filipinos as long as it is within the nation’s capacity to pay; it aids citizens to pay for their medical fees using practical methods

A

Philippine Medical Care Act of 1969 (Medicare)

78
Q

Under what years were the following contributions implemented?

→ health service classifications: primary, secondary, and tertiary
→ creation of Barangay Health Stations
→ Rural Health Practice Program
→ National Nutrition Program
→ establishment of the PCMS, Heart and Lung Center, and the NKTI

A

Martial Law Years

79
Q

Focuses on accessibility, community participation, health promotion, technology use, and a multi-sectoral approach

A

Primary Health Care for ALL

80
Q

Under whose presidential term were the following contributions made?

→ health budget increase
→ The Milk Code—for children and breastfeeding mothers
→ Field Epidemiology Training Program
→ Generics Drug Act—mother of the Cheaper Medicine Act
→ Magna Carta for Public Health Workers

A

Corazon Aquino Administration

81
Q

Under whose presidential term were the following contributions made?

→ Oplan Alis Disease: Ceasefire for Children—immunization and vaccination of children
→ Doctors to the Barrios Program
→ Yosi Kadiri
→ Strategic and Tactical Options for the Prevention of Disaster, Epidemics, and Trauma (STOP DEATH)
→ Tubig, Kubeta, Oresol (TKO): Kontra Kolera
→ Araw ng Sangkap Pinoy and Family Planning: Kung Sila’y Mahal N’yo, Magplano
→ ASIN Law—iodized salt with the DOH logo
→ National Blood Services Act of 1994—voluntary blood donations

A

Fidel Ramos and Juan Flavier

82
Q

The first female secretary of health who established the:
- Early Childhood Development Program
- Botika ng Barangay
- Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997

A

Dr. Carmencita Reodica

83
Q

Under whose presidential term were the following contributions made?

→ Health Sector Reform Agenda
→ National Health Passport
→ Oks and Oks Mass Treatment of Schistosomiasis
→ Rabies Elimination Program in Visayas

A

Estrada Administration

84
Q

Under whose presidential term were the following contributions made?

→ TB Directly Observed Treatment-Short Course Program (TB-DOTS)
→ SARS Outbreak: Five Strategic Action on SARS
→ FOURmula ONE for Health—healthcare financing, regulation, service delivery, and governance
→ Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act
→ Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) Strategy

A

Arroyo Administration

85
Q

Which president established the Reproductive Health Law and the Responsible Parenthood Act?

A

President Noynoy Aquino

86
Q

Under whose presidential term were the following contributions made?

→ Universal Health Care Act
→ Philippine Mental Health Law
→ Bayanihan To Heal as One Act

A

Duterte Administration

87
Q

T or F: Preventative measures lean more towards being individually-centered

A

False (preventative is for community-centered while curative is for individual-centered)

88
Q

A fatal intestinal disease that ran rampant in London during the 1800s

A

Cholera

89
Q

T or F: Cholera was thought to be caused by eating raw food

A

False (Bad air and rotting organic matter)

90
Q

Who traced the source of the cholera outbreak and was named as the “Father of Modern Epidemiology”?

A

Dr. John Snow

91
Q

Refers to the study of the occurrence of a disease

A

Epidemiology

92
Q

What was the concluded reason as to why there was a cholera outbreak as stated by John Snow?

A

Drinking water contaminated with sewage

93
Q

T or F: John Snow’s research paved the way for the creation of water sanitation policies in London

A

True

94
Q

What are the three core functions of Public Health?

A

APA
- Assessment
- Policy
- Assurance

95
Q

A core function in public health that refers to collecting, analyzing, and making information available regarding health communities

A

Assessment

96
Q

A core function in public health that refers to using scientific knowledge in making and passing laws

A

Policy

97
Q

A core function of public health that ensures provision of services to those in need

A

Assurance

98
Q

T or F: Healthcare involves the joint efforts of the laboratory and the field

A

False (joint laboratory and patient involvement; the field is for public health)

99
Q

T or F: Clinical services are essential to professional training for public health

A

False (public health clinical services are only peripheral to the training, essential training falls under healthcare)

100
Q

T or F: Social media is a catalyst for public health

A

True

101
Q

T or F: An estimated 8.1 million children die each year before their 5th birthday (current statistic)

A

True

102
Q

T or F: The proportion of the world which received improved drinking water sources decreased from 87% to 83%

A

False (it increased from 83% to 87%)

103
Q

T or F: The proportion of the world with access to improved sanitation increased from 58% to 61%

A

True

104
Q

T or F: Malaria deaths increased by 21% between 2000-2009

A

False (it decreased by 21%)

105
Q

Dracunculiasis is also known as?

A

Guinea Worm Disease

106
Q

Onchocerciasis is also known as?

A

River Blindness

107
Q

Dracunculiasis and Onchocerciasis are endemic where?

A

America

Community Public Health (11 decks)

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