(M) Lesson 1: Nutrition, Food Security, & Gender Equality Flashcards
1
Q
Refers to the science of food, the nutrients and other substances therein, their action, interaction and balance in relation to health and disease; and the processes by which an individual ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, utilizes and excretes food substances
A
Nutrition
2
Q
Refers to what people eat and drink to stay alive and healthy, for growth, development, work, and other physical activities
A
Food
3
Q
These are chemical components of food
A
Nutrients
4
Q
These are substances responsible for giving energy, building and repairing body tissues, and regulating body processes
A
Nutrients
5
Q
What are the two types of nutrients?
A
Micronutrients and Macronutrients
6
Q
These are nutrients needed in relatively large amounts and provide energy
A
Macronutrients
7
Q
Macronutrient’s unit for energy
A
Calorie
8
Q
Unit for macronutrients
A
Gram
9
Q
Unit for micronutrients
A
Miligrams or micrograms
10
Q
These are nutrients needed in relatively small amounts
A
Micronutrients
11
Q
Two types of micronutrients
A
Vitamins and Minerals
12
Q
Two types of vitamins
A
Fat-soluble and Water-soluble
13
Q
Macronutrient; known as protein sparer
A
Carbohydrates
14
Q
Macronutrient; main source of fuel for energy
A
Carbohydrates
14
Q
Macronutrient; main source of fuel for energy
A
Carbohydrates
15
Q
Macronutrient; Aid in formation of enzymes, hormones and antibodies
A
Protein
16
Q
Macronutrient; Build and repair body tissues
A
Protein
17
Q
Macronutrient; found in meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese
A
Protein
18
Q
Macronutrient; found in rice, cereals, root crops, sugar
A
Carbohydrates
19
Q
Macronutrient; source for essential fatty acid
A
Fats
20
Q
How many calories should be there for every one gram of fat?
A
9 kilocalories
21
Q
Macronutrient; causes formation of ketone
A
Fats
22
Q
Macronutrient; found in oils and fats, nuts, and avocado
A
Fats
23
Q
What are the two type of fats?
A
Saturated and unsaturated
24
Type of Vitamin (Micronutrient); not stored in the body and heat sensitive
Water-soluble vitamins
25
Type of Vitamin (Micronutrient); stored in the liver
Fat-soluble vitamins
26
Water-soluble vitamin; for wound healing, healthy gums, helps resist infection, helps in iron absorption
Vitamin C
27
Water-soluble vitamin; found in citrus fruits; broccoli; papaya; guava, strawberries, peppers
Vit C
28
Water-soluble vitamin; Part of an enzyme system that breaks down carbohydrates for energy source
Thiamin (B1)
29
Water-soluble vitamin; found in meat, whole grain and enriched bread, peanuts and legumes
Thiamin (B1)
30
Water-soluble vitamin; helps make new cells and get women pregnant
Folate/folic acid
31
Water-soluble vitamin; found in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, organ meats, beans and nuts
Folate/folic acid
32
Water-soluble vitamin; helps iron get absorbed in the body
Vit C
33
Water-soluble vitamin; assists in the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein, and fats for energy
Biotin
34
Water-soluble vitamin; found in organ meats, eggs, milk, whole grains, legumes
Biotin
35
Fat-soluble vitamin: Maintains eye health & for
night vision, healthy skin and mucous membranes, against infection
Vit A
36
Fat-soluble vitamin; Promotes calcium absorption, bone formation
Vit D
37
Fat-soluble vitamin: Direct exposure to sunlight
activates it in the skin
Vit D
38
These two fat-soluble vitamins are known to be anti-oxidants
Vit A and E
39
Fat-soluble vitamin: protects vitamin A and
PUFats from oxidation
Vit E
40
Fat-soluble vitamin: found in vegetable oils/shortening, butter, whole grains, nuts,
beans
Vit E
41
Fat-soluble vitamin: Helps blood to clot; necessary for collagen formation
Vit K
42
Fat-soluble vitamin: produced by bacteria in the
intestines; green leafy
vegetables
Vit K
43
T or F; Calcium is a vitamin
False (Mineral)
44
T or F; Iron is a macronutrient
False (Iron is a micronutrient under minerals)
45
Minerals; this twin two help in bone and teeth health
Calcium and Phosphorus
46
Minerals; found in milk and milk products; salmon and small fishes; dark green
vegetables, legumes
Calcium
47
Minerals; Helps blood to clot; stimulates
nerves; helps in muscle contraction; bone and teeth health
Calcium
48
Minerals; deficiency of this causes easy fatiguability
Ironn (meeeee)
49
Minerals; found in chicken, meat, fish, internal
organs, legumes, dried fruit, green
vegetables
Iron
50
Minerals; Form hemoglobin in RBC and
myoglobin in muscle cells, which
transport oxygen in the body
Iron
51
Minerals; found in milk and milk products; meat, eggs, poultry, nuts, legumes
Phosphorus
52
Minerals; forms bones and teeth; needed to
make enzymes and new cells;
helps maintain acid-base balance
Phosphorus
53
Minerals; found in orange juice, banana, dried fruits, potatoes; meat, fish, poultry, whole
grains
Potassium
54
Twin mineral of Potassium
Sodium
55
Minerals; considered as the intracellular cation of the body
K (Pota 'wag mag-assume kasi !!!!)
56
Minerals; maintains heartbeat, helps muscles contract, stimulates nerves
Potassium
57
Minerals; found in iodized salt, seafood, and foods grown near the ocean
Iodine
58
Minerals; part of the thyroid hormone that
control energy production in the body
Iodine
59
Law that enforced to include iodine in salt
ASIN Law
60
What does MoVaBa concept stand for?
Moderation
Variety
Balance
61
What does the S stand for in Moderation?
alam ko walang S sa "Moderation" AKADHDASHKDS
Salty, Sweet, Saturated fats
62
T or F; in the first 6 months of the baby, s/he should only be breastfed without other food supplements
True (will start only at 6 months)
63
Ideal dosage of Vit C per day
70 - 75 mg
64
What does mal in malnutrition mean?
"bad" (adjective) or "badly" (adverb)
65
Refers to a state of disease caused by sustained deficiency, excess or imbalance of the supply of calories, nutrients or both, that are available for use in the bod
Malnutrition
66
Form of malnutrition; consumption of inadequate quantity of food over an extended period of time
Undernutrition
67
What does CED stands for?
Chronic Energy Deficient
68
Refers to protein-deficient people
Kwashiorkor
69
CED and Kwashiorkor are manifested in which form of malnutrition
Undernutrition
70
Refers to low weight-for-height
Wasting
71
Refers to low height-for-age
Stunting
72
Refers to low weight-for-age
Underweight
73
Used s reference for weight and age of kids
CGS (Child Growth Standard)
74
Wasting, Stunting, and Underweight are manifested in which form of malnutrition
Undernutrition
75
Form of malnutrition; Refers to having a specific, most usually micronutrient, deficiency; relative or absolute lack of individual nutrients
Specific Deficiency
76
What does IDA stand for?
Iron Deficiency Anemia
77
What does VAD stand for?
Vit A Deficiency
78
IDA and VAD are manifestations of which form of malnutrition?
Specific Deficiency
79
Refers to having low sodium
Hyponatremia ("Hypo" + "natr" + "emia")
80
Refers to having low potassium
Hypokalemia ("Hypo" + "kal" + "emia")
81
Form of malnutrition; resulting from consumption of an excessive quantity of food over an extended period of time
Overnutrition
82
Overweight, obesity, and diet-related noncommunicable diseases are manifestations of which form of manlnutrition
Overnutrition
83
Form of malnutrition; resulting from disproportion; among essential nutrients with or without absolute deficiency of any nutrient
Imbalance
84
Hypokalemia and Hyponatremia are manifestations of which form of malnutrition?
Imbalance
85
Refers to excessive intakes of certain nutrients which cause toxic effects
Toxicity
86
T or F; Hypervitaminosis A is NOT an example of toxicity
False
87
Type of malnutrition; related to current state of nutrition; manifested by weight loss, or low weight for age
Acute malnutrition
88
Type of malnutrition; Related to past state/ long-standing state of nutrition and manifested by stunting or nutritional dwarfism
Chronic Malnutrition
89
Low heigh for age is manifested in which type of malnutrition?
Chronic malnutrition
90
T of F; Poverty will never affect the risk for malnutrition
False (it amplifies)
91
T or F; Malnutrition increases health care costs, reduces productivity, and slows economic growth, which can perpetuate a cycle of poverty and ill-health
True
92
T of F; Underweight is linked
to more deaths worldwide than
overweight and obesity
False (baliktad)
93
T or F; The bad news is obesity is not preventable
False (it is preventable)
94
T or F; Supportive environments and communities are fundamental in shaping people’s choices, by making the
choice of healthier foods and regular physical activity as the hardest choice.
False (should be the easiest choice)
95
How many minutes a day should children engage in regular physical activity?
60 mins a day
96
How many minutes should adults engage in regular physical activity?
150 mins a week
97
Refers to a condition related to the supply of food, and individual’s access to it
Food security
98
Refers when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to
sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for
and active and healthy life
Food security
99
Refers to adequate nutritional status in terms of protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals for all
household members at all times
Food security
100
This is achieved if adequate food (quantity, quality, socio-cultural acceptability) is available and accessible to and satisfactorily used and utilized by all individuals at all times to live a healthy and active life
Food and nutrition security
101
Refers to limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways
Food insecurity
102
When it is recurrent, it may lead to hunger..
And when hunger is prolonged, it results to malnutrition
Food insecurity
103
What are the four pillars/dimensions of food security according to WHO?
1. Physical Availability
2. Economic and Physical Access to Food
3. Food utilization
4. Stability
104
Pillars of Food Security; addresses the “supply side” of food security and is determined by the evel of food production, stock levels and net trade.
Physical avilability
105
Pillars of Food Security; refers to addressing concerns about insufficient food access resulting to policies which are focused on incomes, expenditures, markets and prices in achieving food security objectives
Economic and Physical Access to Food
106
Pillars of Food Security; Refers to sufficient energy and nutrient intake by an individual as a result of good care and feeding practices, food preparation, diversity of diet and intra-household food distribution
Food utilization
107
Pillars of Food Security; Refers to sufficient energy and nutrient intake by an individual as a result of good care and feeding practices, food preparation, diversity of diet and intra-household food distribution
Food utilization
108
Refers to the assurance/guarantee that food will not cause harm to the consumers when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use
Food safety
109
Refers to group of illness caused by any infectious (bacteria, viruses and parasites) and non-infectious agents (chemical, animal and plant toxins)
Food and Water-Borne Diseases
110
Salmonella, Campylobacter and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli are examples of?
Bacteryuhhh
111
Outbreaks has its origins from foods like eggs, poultry and other products of animal origin
Salmonellosis
112
Mainly due to raw milk, raw or undercooked poultry and drinking water
Campylobacter
113
Associated with unpasteurized milk, undercooked meat and contaminated fresh fruits and vegetables.
Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli
114
Infections caused by this bacteria can lead to miscarriages in pregnant women or death of newborn babies. It is found in unpasteurized dairy products and various ready-to-eat food
hich can grow at refrigeration temperatures.
Listeria
115
This bacteria can infect people through contaminated water or food. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting and profuse watery diarrhea which may lead to severe dehydration and possibly death.
Vibrio cholerae
116
This virus is a common cause of foodborne infections with symptoms of nausea, explosive vomiting, watery diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Norovirus
117
This virus can also be transmitted by food and may cause a long lasting liver disease. It typically spreads through consumption or raw or undercooked seafood or contaminated raw produce
Hepa A virus
118
Norovirus and Hepa A virus are examples of?
Viruses
119
Examples of these include fish-borne trematodes, transmitted through food.
Parasites
120
Parasites (Tapeworms); may infect through food or direct contact with animals.
Echinococcus spp or Taenia spp
121
Parasites; enter food chain via water or soil
and can contaminate fresh produce.
Ascaris, Crypstosporidium, Entamoeba histolytica or Giardia,
121
These are infectious agents composed of protein; it is associated with specific neurodegenerative disease
Prions
122
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease is an example of?
Prion disease (in cattles)
123
Examples of this are mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, cyanogenic glycosides and toxins occurring in poisonous mushrooms. Long term exposure can affect immune system and
may cause cancer.
Naturally occuring toxins
124
These are compounds that accumulate in the environment and human body. It may cause reproductive and developmental problems, damage the immune system and may interfere with hormone and cause cancer.
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
125
Examples are dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which are unwanted by-products of industrial processes
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
126
Examples of this are lead, cadmium and mercury may cause neurological and kidney damage. Contamination may occur through pollution of water and soi.
Heavy metals
127
“All genders are free to pursue whatever career, lifestyle choice and abilities they want without discrimination”
Gender Equality
128
biological form (male/female); refers to a person’s physical characteristics at birth
Sex
129
refers to the behavioral, social, economic and cultural attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female
Genders
130
refers to a person’s internal sense of being male, female, some combination of male or female or neither male or female
Gender identity
131
physical and behavioral manifestations of one’s gender identity
Gender expression
132
Means that the rights, opportunities, and access to society are not different based on their gender; their needs and dreams are valued equally
Gender equality
133
Refers to the process of being fair to both men and women
Gender equity
134
Gender equality appears to what position in SDG?
5th
135
SDG Goals __: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
5
136
According to SDG Goal 5, this is a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world
Gender equality
137
SDG 5 Targets: End all forms of discriminations against all women and girls everywhere
5.1
138
SDG 5 Targets: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation
5.2
139
SDG 5 Targets: Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation
5.3
140
SDG 5 Targets: Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure
5.4
141
SDG 5 Targets: Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life
5.5
142
SDG 5 Targets: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Program of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences
5.6
143
SDG 5 Targets: Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws
5.A
144
SDG 5 Targets: Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women.
5.B
145
SDG 5 Targets: Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels
5.C
