Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Community Public Health > (M) Lesson 4: Environmental Health > Flashcards

(M) Lesson 4: Environmental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to a branch of public health concerned with all aspects of natural and built environments for the benefit of human health

A

Environmental Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the other name for environmental health?

A

Environmental Public Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T or F: Human activities can cause harm to the health of nature

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Refers to preserving the natural environment by practicing proper maintenance of quality and status of nature for the benefit of the ecosystem

A

Environmental Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F: Uncontrolled consequences of improper waste segregation don’t return to us humans

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T or F: Environmental health addresses physical, chemical, and biological factors internal to a person including all related factors impacting our behaviors

A

False (external)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T or F: Environmental health targets prevention of disease

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T or F: Environmental health includes behavior related to the social, cultural, and genetic

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

→ occurs when excessive quantities of harmful gases, particulates, or biological molecules interact with the planet’s atmosphere
→ these substances can harm the ozone layer, cause diseases, allergies, and even death for all organisms (humans, animals, crops, etc.)

A

Air pollution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or F: Natural processes that contribute to air pollution cannot be controlled nor contained

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

These are substances in the air that have adverse effects on human health and the ecosystem

A

Air pollutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T or F: Air pollution only has 1 source: anthropogenic

A

False (anthropogenic and natural)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Refers to a type of air pollution derived/ produced from a process

A

Primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Refers to a type of air pollution formed in the air when primary pollutants react with one another; not directly emitted from a process

A

Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This is a key constituent gas of the atmosphere which is produced from fossil fuel combustion

A

Ozone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This is a leading pollutant and worst climate pollution agent (greenhouse gas)

A

Carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This gas is expelled from volcanoes and other industrial processes (coal, petroleum, etc.)

A

Sulfur oxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This gas is expelled from high temperature combustion processes (thunderstorms/volcanic eruptions)

A

Nitric oxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An odorless, colorless, yet toxic gas

A

Carbon monoxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Results in the depletion of oxygen levels in the blood by CO binding to the hemoglobin

A

CO poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Refers to the prevention of oxygen supply from being delivered to the body tissues as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T or F: CO has a lesser affinity than oxygen

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many times higher is CO’s affinity than oxygen?

A

240x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fine/tiny particles suspended in a gas (solid or liquid)

A

Particulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

These substances can lead to cardiopulmonary diseases

A

Persistent free radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Examples of these are lead and mercury

A

Toxic metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Gases from air conditioners, refrigerators, and even aerosol sprays that are harmful to the ozone layer; from products that are banned from use

A

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A toxic gas emitted from agricultural processes; has a pungent odor

A

Ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Comes from garbage, sewage, industrial processes, etc.

A

Odors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Substances emitted from nuclear events (e.g. explosive devices)

A

Radioactive pollutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

→ contamination of water bodies
→ a MAJOR global problem
→ caused by the discharge of inadequately treated wastewater into natural bodies of water

A

Water Pollution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Refers to the pollution of rivers, lakes, and oceans

A

Surface Water Pollution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A subset of surface water pollution; direct discharging of sewage and industrial waste into the ocean (e.g. entry of contaminants from rivers to seas)

A

Marine Pollution

34
Q

Fcuses on soil characteristics and site ecology; is naturally-occurring

A

Ground Water Pollution

35
Q

Refers to contaminants that enter a waterway from a single, identifiable source (e.g. pipe or ditch)

A

Point Sources

36
Q

Refers to diffused contamination that does not originate from a discrete source (e.g. leeching out of nitrogen compounds from agricultural lands)

A

Non-Point Sources

37
Q

Type of treatment aka sewage treatment by centralized plants

A

Municipal Wastewater Treatment

38
Q

Usage of individual septic tanks; pre-treats wastewater and infiltrates it into soil but can lead to groundwater pollution if not properly done

A

On-site Sanitation

39
Q

Common for industries that generate large amounts of waste water; typically operate under their own treatment systems

A

Industrial Wastewater Treatment

40
Q

T or F: High concentration of organic matter = high amount of waste water

A

True

41
Q

Process wherein the flow of water does not harm the crops and prevents creation of a diffused type of soil

A

Contour Plowing

42
Q

Process of covering the soil and only revealing the crops to make conditions favorable for the plants to grow

A

Crop Mulching

43
Q

Planting different crops sequentially on the same spot of land to improve soil health; optimizes nutrients and the soil and combats pests

A

Crop Rotation

44
Q

Crops that complete their harvesting cycle in more than 2 planting seasons

A

Perennial Crops

45
Q

This is done to avoid damaging crops during flooding

A

Installing Riparian Buffers

46
Q

→ discharge from the treatment of urban wastewater, industry, and fish farms
→ areas are defined as stationery locations or fixed facilities

A

Point-source Wastewater Treatment

47
Q

→ aka waste disposal; teaches us how to utilize products to minimize the waste generation later on
→ activities required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal
→ encompasses the regulatory framework that covers guidance on recycling

A

Waste Management

48
Q

Aka trash, garbage, refuse (US-exclusive term), or rubbish (British-exclusive term); can refer to a certain waste such as food waste

A

Municipal/Solid Waste

49
Q

What is the US-exclusive term used to call “solid waste”?

A

Refuse

50
Q

What is the British-exclusive term used to call “solid waste”?

A

Rubbish

51
Q

→ refers to the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
→ aims to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and generate minimum waste
→ represents the latter parts of the lifecycle of each product

A

Waste Hierarchy

52
Q

→ lifespan on how long a product can be generated into disposable waste
→ begins with design, manufacturing, distribution, use, and ends in the waste hierarchy
→ optimizes the use of the world’s limited resources by avoiding unnecessary generation of waste

A

Life Cycle of a Product

53
Q

Refers to reduction of the environmental impact from the production and consumption of goods

A

Resource Efficiency

54
Q

→ polluting party pays for the impact caused to the environment
→ if one violates the law against waste disposal, one needs to pay an appropriate amount of money for the fines and sanctions
→ requires a waste generator-pay for appropriate disposal of unrecoverable materials

A

Polluter-Pays Principle

55
Q

A method wherein you throw away your trash underneath the soil

A

Landfill

56
Q

Method similar to incineration but residues can be converted into fuel

A

Pyrolysis

57
Q

→ any kind of waste that contains infectious material
→ waste generated by healthcare facilities (hospitals, laboratories, dental clinics, medical research laboratories, veterinary laboratories, clinical laboratories, etc.)

A

Medical Waste

58
Q

→ all wastes suspected to contain pathogens or toxins (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, etc.) in sufficient concentration to cause disease to a susceptible host
→ discarded materials, equipment for diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with infectious diseases

A

Infectious Waste

59
Q

→ tissue sections and body fluids or organs derived from biopsies or surgical procedures sent to the laboratory for examination
→ can be considered as infectious waste as well

A

Pathological and Anatomical waste

60
Q

Subgroup of pathological waste that refers to recognizable body parts usually from amputation procedures

A

Anatomical Waste

61
Q

→ waste items that can cause abrasions, cuts, pricks, or puncture wounds (lancets, needles, broken glasswares, slides, etc.)
→ the most dangerous healthcare waste

A

Sharps

62
Q

T or F: Needle-prick injury is the most common laboratory-acquired infection due to lack of training in venipuncture

A

True

63
Q

→ discarded substances (solid, liquid, or gas) generated during disinfection and sterilization procedures
→ wastes with high content of heavy metals and their derivatives

A

Chemical Waste

64
Q

What is the acidic and basic pH range for a substance to be considered corrosive?

A

Acid = <2
Base = >12

65
Q

What is the flash point for flammable substances considered hazardous?

A

Below 60 degrees Celsius

66
Q

Includes descriptions, ways of usage, and hazard classifications of chemicals

A

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

67
Q

→ expired, split, and contaminated products, drugs, and vaccines
→ antineoplastics, cytotoxic, and genotoxic wastes used in oncology or radiology
→ includes biological fluids from patients treated with said drugs—syringes and needles

A

Pharmaceutical Waste

68
Q

→ exposed to radionuclides (radioactive diagnostic or radiotherapeutic materials)
→ residues from shipment of radioactive materials and unwanted solutions of radionuclides for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes

A

Radioactive Waste

69
Q

Highly hazardous medical waste that can be considered as a carcinogen

A

Genotoxic waste

70
Q

Refers to substances that can cause abnormalities to a fetus

A

Teratogenic

71
Q

Non-hazardous wastes that typically don’t pose any chemical, biological, physical, or radioactive threat (e.g. recyclable or non-biodegradable waste)

A

General Non-Regulated Medical Waste

72
Q

Waste is subjected to combustion to convert them into residue and gaseous products; before 1997, 90% of medical waste was disposed using this method

A

Incineration

73
Q

→ use of a steam sterilization to render waste harmless and is an efficient wet thermal disinfection process (uses pressure and heat)
→ used for glasswares, laboratory equipment, bacterial cultures, etc.

A

Autoclave

74
Q

T or F: In an autoclave’s color changing tape, it comes in with black lines and it comes out plain once the pathogens have been killed

A

False

75
Q

What is a standard temperature and time setting for an autoclave?

A

121 degrees Celsius for 15-30 minutes

76
Q

What is the standard pressure for autoclaves?

A

15 psi

77
Q

→ incorporates a size-reduction device
→ microorganisms are destroyed by moist heat which irreversibly coagulates and denatures its enzymes and proteins

A

Microwave

78
Q

T or F: In microwaving, you can shred the waste after taking it out the microwave

A

False

79
Q

What is the temperature and time requirement for microwave waste disposal?

A

100 degrees Celsius (237.6 degrees Fahrenheit) for 30 minutes

80
Q

→ sodium hypochlorite (Clorox), hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, and heated alkali
→ added to healthcare wastes to kill or inactivate present pathogens but can generate chemical waste

A

Chemical Disinfections

81
Q

What is the recommended concentration of sodium hypochlorite for chemical disinfection?

A

5%

82
Q

→ uses enzyme mixtures to decontaminate healthcare wastes
→ resulting by-products are put through extruders to remove water for wastewater disposal
→ used for large applications

A

Biological Processes

Community Public Health (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions