(P) Lesson 3: The Self in a Psychological Perspective

Question 1

Refers to the scientific study of how people behave, think, and feel

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

Of relating to, or involving conscious intellectual activity (thinking, reasoning, or remembering)

Answer 2

Cognitive

Question 3

This lobe controls cognitive functions and voluntary movement

Answer 3

Frontal

Question 4

This lobe processes temperature, taste, touch, and movement

Answer 4

Parietal

Question 5

This lobe is responsible for vision

Answer 5

Occipital

Question 6

This lobe controls memories and sensations of taste, sound, sight, and touch

Answer 6

Temporal

Question 7

→ Swiss clinical psychologist
→ Theory of Cognitive Development—was intrigued by children’s thoughts and behavior

Answer 7

Jean Piaget

Question 8

The progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and experience

Answer 8

Cognitive Development

Question 9

Stage where the child interacts with the environment

Answer 9

Sensorimotor stage

Question 10

Stage where the child represents the world symbolically

Answer 10

Preoperational stage

Question 11

Stage where the child learns rules such as conservation

Answer 11

Concrete operational stage

Question 12

Stage where the adolescent transcends concrete situations and thinks about the future

Answer 12

Formal operational stage

Question 13

→ Professor Emerita of Psychology at the University of Denver
→ Theory of Achievement Motivation based on a person’s feelings of personal competence
→ Competence motivation increases when a person successfully masters a task

Answer 13

Susan Harter

Question 14

→ Believes in the “I” (subjective) and “me” (objective) theory
→ Pragmatism and functionalism shape his theories on the world and his mission to seek out both the practical value and functions of behaviors

Answer 14

William James

Question 15

Is this “I” or “Me”?

→ knows who they are and what they have accomplished in life (metaphysical)
→ the existential and self
→ is subjective and cannot be further divided
→ it leads to your concept of “self esteem”

Answer 15

I

Question 16

Is this “I” or “Me”?

→ a separate individual a person refers to when talking about their personal experiences (phenomenological)
→ is experimental and objective
→ it can be further divided

Answer 16

Me

Question 17

This provides continuity of different timelines, allowing us to view ourselves to have a consistent, individual identity, brought about by the stream of consciousness

Answer 17

Pure Ego

Question 18

This is the type of self that belongs to a person

Answer 18

Material Self

Question 19

This is the type of self that marks who you are in a social context such as actions, thoughts, emotions, etc.

Answer 19

Social Self

Question 20

This is the type of self that refers to who we are at our core (personality, values, and conscience)

Answer 20

Spiritual Self

Question 21

The judgement or opinion we hold about ourselves; extent to which we perceive ourselves to be worthwhile and capable

Answer 21

Self-esteem

Question 22

He agreed to Maslow’s concepts but added that for a person to grow, they need an environment that gives them: authenticity, acceptance, and empathy

Answer 22

Carl Rogers

Question 23

Refers to openness and self-disclosure

Answer 23

Authenticity

Question 24

Refers to being seen with unconditional positive regard

Answer 24

Acceptance

Question 25

Refers to being listened to and understood

Answer 25

Empathy

Question 26

T or F: If your environment doesn’t provide the three things Carl Rogers has stated, one will tend to shape their environment into becoming one that caters to them

Answer 26

False (one will tend to look for an environment that does fit the criteria somewhere else)

Question 27

Refers to how we see ourselves and is very important to one’s psychological health

Answer 27

Self-image/Self-concept

Question 28

Refers to the person who we want to be

Answer 28

Ideal Self

Question 29

Refers to what we think about ourselves

Answer 29

Self-worth

Question 30

This is composed of one’s own personal characteristics, social roles, and self-definitions

Answer 30

Self-identity

Question 31

These are what comes to your mind when you are asked about who you are; full awareness of yourself is not complete yet

Answer 31

Self-concept

Question 32

This characteristic refers to being accepting to both positive and negative experiences

Answer 32

Open to experience

Question 33

This characteristic refers to living and appreciating the present

Answer 33

Existential living

Question 34

This characteristic shows up when instincts and gut-reactions are paid attention to and trusted

Answer 34

Trust your feelings

Question 35

This characteristic refers to when we do not play safe all the time but rather we adjust, change, and seek new experiences

Answer 35

Creativity

Question 36

This characteristic refers to being happy and satisfied with life

Answer 36

Fulfilled life

Question 37

→ Theory of personality based on traits-formation → Considered a founding figure of personality in psychology

Answer 37

Gordon Allport

Question 38

This is a single personality trait that directs most of a person’s activities (usually develops late in life); kindness, greed, lust, etc.

Answer 38

Cardinal

Question 39

These are major characteristics that make up the core of a person’s personality; funny, hardworking, creative, etc.

Answer 39

Central

Question 40

This is a less important personality trait that doesn’t affect behavior as much as the first two; being anxious with a lot of people

Answer 40

Secondary

Question 41

→ Theory of transactional analysis based on socialization → A way to explain human behavior through social interactions

Answer 41

Eric Berne

Question 42

This state happens when info is taken in from parents or parental figures

Answer 42

Parent Ego State

Question 43

This state refers to direct responses to the current reality

Answer 43

Adult Ego State

Question 44

This state is replayed from childhood and childhood decisions

Answer 44

Child Ego State

Question 45

→ Theory of knowledge based on experiences between domains of the self (public or private) → “Split off” and “attack syndrome”—happens within organic and rational groups

Answer 45

Gregg Henriques

Question 46

The self that is a theater of consciousness and is closely tied to memory

Answer 46

Experimental Self

Question 47

The self that is the narrator that tries to make sense of the experience

Answer 47

Private self-conscious

Question 48

The self that we project to the public

Answer 48

Public self/Persona

Question 49

This filter is used on self-image and the ideal self (aspirations)

Answer 49

Rogerian Filter

Question 50

This filter is used on conscience checking (guilt)

Answer 50

Freudian Filter

Question 51

→ Theory of the true and false self → “Transitional object” and the “importance of play”

Answer 51

D.M Winnicott

Question 52

T or F: a true self is created to protect their inner, more vulnerable false self to which they can unconsciously do it at a very young age

Answer 52

False (false self is created to protect the true self)

Question 53

T or F: D.M Winnicott highlights the importance of a “mother and a good enough mother” (primary caretakers)

Answer 53

True

Question 54

T or F: The mother should stay in the house with the child until they reach high school

Answer 54

False (grade school)

Question 55

→ Theory of social learning—importance of observing, modeling, and imitating based on the environment and your psyche → It considers how both environmental and cognitive factors influence human learning and behavior

Answer 55

Albert Bandura

Question 56

An aspect of human personality that is determined by future assessment of one’s goals; one has the power to control his or her own goals, actions and destiny

Answer 56

Agentic Self

Question 57

T or F: Humans function like input-output systems; external stimuli result in general unvarying responses

Answer 57

False (SPECIFIC unvarying responses)

Question 58

→ Theory of motivation aka “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs” → Five categories of human needs dictate an individual’s behavior

Answer 58

Abraham Maslow

Question 59

This refers to the growth of an individual toward fulfillment of the highest needs and requires you to set aside subjectivity and practice objectivity

Answer 59

Self-Actualization

Question 60

T or F: Avoid experiencing happiness alone, but rather share it to others as well

Answer 60

True

Question 61

These are building blocks of knowledge according to Piaget

Answer 61

Schemas/schemes

Question 62

According to Piaget, this involves the child's learning processes to meet situational demands

Answer 62

Adaptation

Question 63

According to Piaget, these refer to the increasing sophistication of the child's thought process

Answer 63

Stages of cognitive development

Question 64

This psychologist is associated with the concept of assimilation and accommodation

Answer 64

Piaget

Question 65

According to Piaget, this is the application of previous concepts to new concepts

Answer 65

Assimilation

Question 66

According to Piaget, this happens when people encounter completely new information or when existing ideas are challenged

Answer 66

Accomodation

Question 67

What are the dimensions of the me-self according to Willain James

Answer 67

Material Social Spiritual

Question 68

According to him, the I self has: 1. Sense of being the agent or initiator 2. Sense of being unique 3. Sense of continuity 4. Sense of awareness of being aware

Answer 68

William James

Question 69

According to Allport, these are your essential characteristics that never, ever changes and sticks with you all your life

Answer 69

Traits

Question 70

According to him: 1. Every person has three parts called the ego states 2. People communicate with one another assuming roles of any of these ego states

Answer 70

Eric Berne

Question 71

What are the ego states according to Berne?

Answer 71

Parent, Adult, and Child ego states

Question 72

Child ego state; the child who loves to play but is sensitive and vulnerable

Answer 72

Natural child

Question 73

Child ego state; curious child who wants to try everything

Answer 73

Little professor

Question 74

Child ego state; one who reacts to the world

Answer 74

Adaptive child