(P) Lesson 3: The Self in a Psychological Perspective Flashcards
Refers to the scientific study of how people behave, think, and feel
Psychology
Of relating to, or involving conscious intellectual activity (thinking, reasoning, or remembering)
Cognitive
This lobe controls cognitive functions and voluntary movement
Frontal
This lobe processes temperature, taste, touch, and movement
Parietal
This lobe is responsible for vision
Occipital
This lobe controls memories and sensations of taste, sound, sight, and touch
Temporal
→ Swiss clinical psychologist
→ Theory of Cognitive Development—was intrigued by children’s thoughts and behavior
Jean Piaget
The progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and experience
Cognitive Development
Stage where the child interacts with the environment
Sensorimotor stage
Stage where the child represents the world symbolically
Preoperational stage
Stage where the child learns rules such as conservation
Concrete operational stage
Stage where the adolescent transcends concrete situations and thinks about the future
Formal operational stage
→ Professor Emerita of Psychology at the University of Denver
→ Theory of Achievement Motivation based on a person’s feelings of personal competence
→ Competence motivation increases when a person successfully masters a task
Susan Harter
→ Believes in the “I” (subjective) and “me” (objective) theory
→ Pragmatism and functionalism shape his theories on the world and his mission to seek out both the practical value and functions of behaviors
William James
Is this “I” or “Me”?
→ knows who they are and what they have accomplished in life (metaphysical)
→ the existential and self
→ is subjective and cannot be further divided
→ it leads to your concept of “self esteem”
I
Is this “I” or “Me”?
→ a separate individual a person refers to when talking about their personal experiences (phenomenological)
→ is experimental and objective
→ it can be further divided
Me
This provides continuity of different timelines, allowing us to view ourselves to have a consistent, individual identity, brought about by the stream of consciousness
Pure Ego
This is the type of self that belongs to a person
Material Self
This is the type of self that marks who you are in a social context such as actions, thoughts, emotions, etc.
Social Self
This is the type of self that refers to who we are at our core (personality, values, and conscience)
Spiritual Self
The judgement or opinion we hold about ourselves; extent to which we perceive ourselves to be worthwhile and capable
Self-esteem
He agreed to Maslow’s concepts but added that for a person to grow, they need an environment that gives them: authenticity, acceptance, and empathy
Carl Rogers
Refers to openness and self-disclosure
Authenticity
Refers to being seen with unconditional positive regard
Acceptance
Refers to being listened to and understood
Empathy
T or F: If your environment doesn’t provide the three things Carl Rogers has stated, one will tend to shape their environment into becoming one that caters to them
False (one will tend to look for an environment that does fit the criteria somewhere else)
Refers to how we see ourselves and is very important to one’s psychological health
Self-image/Self-concept
Refers to the person who we want to be
Ideal Self
Refers to what we think about ourselves
Self-worth
This is composed of one’s own personal characteristics, social roles, and self-definitions
Self-identity
These are what comes to your mind when you are asked about who you are; full awareness of yourself is not complete yet
Self-concept
This characteristic refers to being accepting to both positive and negative experiences
Open to experience
This characteristic refers to living and appreciating the present
Existential living
This characteristic shows up when instincts and gut-reactions are paid attention to and trusted
Trust your feelings
This characteristic refers to when we do not play safe all the time but rather we adjust, change, and seek new experiences
Creativity
This characteristic refers to being happy and satisfied with life
Fulfilled life
→ Theory of personality based on traits-formation
→ Considered a founding figure of personality in psychology
Gordon Allport
This is a single personality trait that directs most of a person’s activities (usually develops late in life); kindness, greed, lust, etc.
Cardinal
These are major characteristics that make up the core of a person’s personality; funny, hardworking, creative, etc.
Central
This is a less important personality trait that doesn’t affect behavior as much as the first two; being anxious with a lot of people
Secondary
→ Theory of transactional analysis based on socialization
→ A way to explain human behavior through social interactions
Eric Berne
This state happens when info is taken in from parents or parental figures
Parent Ego State
This state refers to direct responses to the current reality
Adult Ego State
This state is replayed from childhood and childhood decisions
Child Ego State
→ Theory of knowledge based on experiences between domains of the self (public or private)
→ “Split off” and “attack syndrome”—happens within organic and rational groups
Gregg Henriques
The self that is a theater of consciousness and is closely tied to memory
Experimental Self
The self that is the narrator that tries to make sense of the experience
Private self-conscious
The self that we project to the public
Public self/Persona
This filter is used on self-image and the ideal self (aspirations)
Rogerian Filter
This filter is used on conscience checking (guilt)
Freudian Filter
→ Theory of the true and false self
→ “Transitional object” and the “importance of play”
D.M Winnicott
T or F: a true self is created to protect their inner, more vulnerable false self to which they can unconsciously do it at a very young age
False (false self is created to protect the true self)
T or F: D.M Winnicott highlights the importance of a “mother and a good enough mother” (primary caretakers)
True
T or F: The mother should stay in the house with the child until they reach high school
False (grade school)
→ Theory of social learning—importance of observing, modeling, and imitating based on the environment and your psyche
→ It considers how both environmental and cognitive factors influence human learning and behavior
Albert Bandura
An aspect of human personality that is determined by future assessment of one’s goals; one has the power to control his or her own goals, actions and destiny
Agentic Self
T or F: Humans function like input-output systems; external stimuli result in general unvarying responses
False (SPECIFIC unvarying responses)
→ Theory of motivation aka “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”
→ Five categories of human needs dictate an individual’s behavior
Abraham Maslow
This refers to the growth of an individual toward fulfillment of the highest needs and requires you to set aside subjectivity and practice objectivity
Self-Actualization
T or F: Avoid experiencing happiness alone, but rather share it to others as well
True
These are building blocks of knowledge according to Piaget
Schemas/schemes
According to Piaget, this involves the child’s learning processes to meet situational demands
Adaptation
According to Piaget, these refer to the increasing sophistication of the child’s thought process
Stages of cognitive development
This psychologist is associated with the concept of assimilation and accommodation
Piaget
According to Piaget, this is the application of previous concepts to new concepts
Assimilation
According to Piaget, this happens when people encounter completely new information or when existing ideas are challenged
Accomodation
What are the dimensions of the me-self according to Willain James
Material
Social
Spiritual
According to him, the I self has:
1. Sense of being the agent or initiator
2. Sense of being unique
3. Sense of continuity
4. Sense of awareness of being aware
William James
According to Allport, these are your essential characteristics that never, ever changes and sticks with you all your life
Traits
According to him:
1. Every person has three parts called the ego states
2. People communicate with one another assuming roles of any of these ego states
Eric Berne
What are the ego states according to Berne?
Parent, Adult, and Child ego states
Child ego state; the child who loves to play but is sensitive and vulnerable
Natural child
Child ego state; curious child who wants to try everything
Little professor
Child ego state; one who reacts to the world
Adaptive child
