(M) Lesson 1.1: The Physical Self

Question 1

He created the “16 Basic Desires” Theory

Answer 1

Steven Reiss

Question 2

T or F: Mass media serves as a key driver for influencing the standards of beauty

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T or F: Most people answer within the physical aspect when asked about what characteristics they like about their partners

Answer 3

False (beyond the physical aspect; attitude, personality, etc.)

Question 4

The perspective wherein it is not influenced by personal feelings or emotions (impartial)

Answer 4

Objective

Question 5

The perspective wherein it is influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions (emotional)

Answer 5

Subjective

Question 6

Which philosopher stated these?

→ beauty is a response to love and desire (stems from merely ideas, not facts)
→ we create imitations on what is beautiful based on our mere ideas
→ the idea of forms is illustrated in the Allegory of the Cave

Answer 6

Plato

Question 7

This philosopher stated the Theory of Forms and believed that there exists a physical and spiritual realm

Answer 7

Plato

Question 8

This theory states that the physical world is not really the real world, ultimate reality exists beyond our physical world

Answer 8

Theory of Forms

Question 9

This realm refers to the material stuff we see and interact with on a daily basis; it is changing and imperfect

Answer 9

Physical Realm

Question 10

This realm exists beyond the physical realm (aka Realm of Forms) and is abstract, perfect, and has unchanging concepts that transcend time and space

Answer 10

Spiritual Realm

Question 11

T or F: The “Realm of Forms” is the shadow of the physical realm

Answer 11

False (the physical realm is the a shadow of the true reality of the Realm of Forms)

Question 12

Which philosopher stated these?

→ God created matter, which was initially formless (without any beauty)—supports the position of Plato
→ the earth occupies the lowest form of beauty and things become more beautiful as they possess more form and less of a void (completely empty)
→ beauty stands in the image of it’s creator—God is supremely beautiful since only he possesses a perfect form and we humans are the mere imitations of his beauty
→ if beauty gives delight because it is beautiful, then it is beautiful

Answer 12

St. Augustine

Question 13

St. Augustine stated that true beauty lies in people who are what?

Answer 13

Virtuous

Question 14

Which philosopher stated these?

→ believed that the chief forms of beauty are order, symmetry, and definiteness which can be demonstrated by science
→ saw a relationship between beauty and virtue—a virtuous man aims to what is beautiful
→ his “golden mean” or “golden ratio” is applied to understandings of both beauty and morality

Answer 14

Aristotle

Question 15

T or F: Beauty and morality are measured by different standards

Answer 15

False (same standard)

Question 16

Which philosopher stated these?

→ beauty does not lie in “things” but is entirely subjective (a matter of feelings and emotions)
→ beauty is in the mind of the person beholding the object—what is beautiful to one observer may not be so to another
→ a strict empiricist—believed that pleasure based on sensations created by something is what we refer to when we call something beautiful

Answer 16

David Hume

Question 17

Which philosopher stated these?

→ defines beauty as being judged through an aesthetic experience of taste
→ beauty is something that we feel—we have to match our aesthetics to our taste
→ concept judgement of our pleasures alongside our reasoning (if it gives you pleasure, what is the reason as to why it does so?)

Answer 17

Immanuel Kant

Question 18

Which philosopher stated these?

→ an idea of a certain experience of pleasure that we have when we look at or listen to certain things (external)
→ experience it on whether it makes you happy or not through looking at it using external lenses

Answer 18

Francis Hutcheson

Question 19

Refers to a systematic error in thinking that occurs when people are processing information and it affects the decisions and judgements they make

Answer 19

Cognitive Bias

Question 20

T or F: The brain is powerful but subject to limitations

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Refers to the tendency of people to rate attractive individuals more favorably for their personality traits as compared to the less attractive

Answer 21

Halo Effect

Question 22

T or F: Body image is the instrument of our psyche

Answer 22

False (body)

Question 23

Refers to the number of successes a person achieves divided by failures or an attitude concerning one’s worth

Answer 23

Self-Esteem

Question 24

T or F: Filipinos prefer body over brains

Answer 24

False (brain over body)

Question 25

T or F: Men prefer smarter women than “societally beautiful” women

Answer 25

False (body and face over brain)

Question 26

T or F: Women prefer smarter men than conventionally attractive ones

Answer 26

True

Question 27

This view states that:

→ it is based on ideas of abstract forms attached to character
→ the world of forms is “ideal” rather than material
→ forms and beauty are non-physical ideas (for Plato)

Answer 27

Objective View

Question 28

This view states that:

→ beauty is in the eye or mind of the beholder
→ it starts with the individual themselves

Answer 28

Subjective View

Question 29

T or F: Philippines is influenced by Western culture as it tends to hyper-focus on dieting and body appearance

Answer 29

True

Question 30

An example of this is when attractive people make more money than average people and voters vote for more good-looking candidates

Answer 30

Halo Effect

Question 31

He said that God created matter, which was initially formless without any beauty

Answer 31

St. Agustine

Question 32

If beauty gave delight because it was beautiful then it is beautiful

Answer 32

St. Agustine

Question 33

Beauty is a matter of size and order

Answer 33

Aristotle

Question 34

Virtue aims at the beautiful

Answer 34

Aristotle

Question 35

Beauty does not lie in things but entirely subjective, a matter of feelings and emotion

Answer 35

David HUme

Question 36

He was a strict empiricist who believed that pleasure based on sensations created by something is what we refer to when we call something beautiful

Answer 36

David Hume

Question 37

He believed that our reason that invests the world we experience with structure

Answer 37

Immanuel Kant

Question 38

He defnes beauty as being judged throug an aesthetic experience of taste

Answer 38

Immanuel Kant

Question 39

Beauty through an aesthetic experience of taste

Answer 39

Immanuel Kant

Question 40

He defines beauty as being judged through an aesthetic experience of taste

Answer 40

Immanuel Kant