(M) Lesson 1.1: The Physical Self Flashcards
He created the “16 Basic Desires” Theory
Steven Reiss
T or F: Mass media serves as a key driver for influencing the standards of beauty
True
T or F: Most people answer within the physical aspect when asked about what characteristics they like about their partners
False (beyond the physical aspect; attitude, personality, etc.)
The perspective wherein it is not influenced by personal feelings or emotions (impartial)
Objective
The perspective wherein it is influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions (emotional)
Subjective
Which philosopher stated these?
→ beauty is a response to love and desire (stems from merely ideas, not facts)
→ we create imitations on what is beautiful based on our mere ideas
→ the idea of forms is illustrated in the Allegory of the Cave
Plato
This philosopher stated the Theory of Forms and believed that there exists a physical and spiritual realm
Plato
This theory states that the physical world is not really the real world, ultimate reality exists beyond our physical world
Theory of Forms
This realm refers to the material stuff we see and interact with on a daily basis; it is changing and imperfect
Physical Realm
This realm exists beyond the physical realm (aka Realm of Forms) and is abstract, perfect, and has unchanging concepts that transcend time and space
Spiritual Realm
T or F: The “Realm of Forms” is the shadow of the physical realm
False (the physical realm is the a shadow of the true reality of the Realm of Forms)
Which philosopher stated these?
→ God created matter, which was initially formless (without any beauty)—supports the position of Plato
→ the earth occupies the lowest form of beauty and things become more beautiful as they possess more form and less of a void (completely empty)
→ beauty stands in the image of it’s creator—God is supremely beautiful since only he possesses a perfect form and we humans are the mere imitations of his beauty
→ if beauty gives delight because it is beautiful, then it is beautiful
St. Augustine
St. Augustine stated that true beauty lies in people who are what?
Virtuous
Which philosopher stated these?
→ believed that the chief forms of beauty are order, symmetry, and definiteness which can be demonstrated by science
→ saw a relationship between beauty and virtue—a virtuous man aims to what is beautiful
→ his “golden mean” or “golden ratio” is applied to understandings of both beauty and morality
Aristotle
T or F: Beauty and morality are measured by different standards
False (same standard)
Which philosopher stated these?
→ beauty does not lie in “things” but is entirely subjective (a matter of feelings and emotions)
→ beauty is in the mind of the person beholding the object—what is beautiful to one observer may not be so to another
→ a strict empiricist—believed that pleasure based on sensations created by something is what we refer to when we call something beautiful
David Hume
Which philosopher stated these?
→ defines beauty as being judged through an aesthetic experience of taste
→ beauty is something that we feel—we have to match our aesthetics to our taste
→ concept judgement of our pleasures alongside our reasoning (if it gives you pleasure, what is the reason as to why it does so?)
Immanuel Kant
Which philosopher stated these?
→ an idea of a certain experience of pleasure that we have when we look at or listen to certain things (external)
→ experience it on whether it makes you happy or not through looking at it using external lenses
Francis Hutcheson
Refers to a systematic error in thinking that occurs when people are processing information and it affects the decisions and judgements they make
Cognitive Bias
T or F: The brain is powerful but subject to limitations
True
Refers to the tendency of people to rate attractive individuals more favorably for their personality traits as compared to the less attractive
Halo Effect
T or F: Body image is the instrument of our psyche
False (body)
Refers to the number of successes a person achieves divided by failures or an attitude concerning one’s worth
Self-Esteem
T or F: Filipinos prefer body over brains
False (brain over body)
T or F: Men prefer smarter women than “societally beautiful” women
False (body and face over brain)
T or F: Women prefer smarter men than conventionally attractive ones
True
This view states that:
→ it is based on ideas of abstract forms attached to character
→ the world of forms is “ideal” rather than material
→ forms and beauty are non-physical ideas (for Plato)
Objective View
This view states that:
→ beauty is in the eye or mind of the beholder
→ it starts with the individual themselves
Subjective View
T or F: Philippines is influenced by Western culture as it tends to hyper-focus on dieting and body appearance
True
An example of this is when attractive people make more money than average people and voters vote for more good-looking candidates
Halo Effect
He said that God created matter, which was initially formless without any beauty
St. Agustine
If beauty gave delight because it was beautiful then it is beautiful
St. Agustine
Beauty is a matter of size and order
Aristotle
Virtue aims at the beautiful
Aristotle
Beauty does not lie in things but entirely subjective, a matter of feelings and emotion
David HUme
He was a strict empiricist who believed that pleasure based on sensations created by something is what we refer to when we call something beautiful
David Hume
He believed that our reason that invests the world we experience with structure
Immanuel Kant
He defnes beauty as being judged throug an aesthetic experience of taste
Immanuel Kant
Beauty through an aesthetic experience of taste
Immanuel Kant
He defines beauty as being judged through an aesthetic experience of taste
Immanuel Kant
