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IM 1 > oxygenation exam 2 > Flashcards

oxygenation exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is poor oxygenation?

A

a decreased oxygen level in the blood

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2
Q

oxygen saturation can be used to assess

A

oxygen level

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3
Q

SpO2 is measured …

A

measure of how saturated hemoglobin are with oxygen

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4
Q

how is SpO2 measured?

A

pulse oximetry

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5
Q

often see orders to “keep O2 sats above ?

A

92%

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6
Q

signs & symptoms of poor oxygenation?

A

restlessness/confusion- lack of 02 to brain
decreased BP
cool extremities
pallor or cyanosis of extremities
slow capillary refill

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7
Q

ischemia

A

when oxygen delivery is inadequate to meet metabolic demands of the body - cell death
-starving for oxygen

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8
Q

hypoxia

A

-low oxygen in your tissues
when your blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen to the tissues to meet the bodys needs

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9
Q

oxygen saturation

A

used to asses O2 level

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10
Q

SpO2 - SaO2

A

measure of how saturated hemoglobin are

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11
Q

what is the first sign or symptom of poor oxygenation ?

A

restlessness that could lead to confusion

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12
Q

pollar

A

pale extremities

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13
Q

capillary refill

A

push on your fingernail bed and it will turn white and then it will pink back up
- less then 3 seconds !!!

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14
Q

when a person is getting good oxygen flow

A

skin and muscous membranes should be a good robust color

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15
Q

lung disease

A

the lungs have a large surface area that is constantly exposed to the external environment

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16
Q

lung disease is greatly influenced by?

A

environment
occupational
personal
social habits

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17
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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18
Q

alveoli

A

air sacs

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19
Q

cilia

A

hair like projections that move particles around. they line out mucous membranes

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20
Q

pulmonary diseases are classified as

A

often classified as acute or chronic, obstructive or restrictive, infections or noninfectious and is caused by alteration in the lungs or heart

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21
Q

acute

A

short time
ex: bronchitis

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22
Q

chronic

A

long lasting
ex: asthma

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23
Q

obstructive disease

A

Ex: COPD

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24
Q

restrictive disease examples

A

pulmonary fibrosis
sarcoidosis

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25
Q

infectious disease

A

most common of the lung-pneumonia

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26
Q

pneumonia

A

fluid in the lungs

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27
Q

noninfectious examples

A

athmas, COPD

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28
Q

cough

A

acute or chronic

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29
Q

dyspnea

A

SOB, feeling inability to get a good breath

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30
Q

chest pain

A

not getting good blood flow to heart

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31
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

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32
Q

altered breathing patterns

A

tachypnea
bradypnea
use of accessory muscles

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33
Q

tachypnea

A

fast RR

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34
Q

bradypnea

A

slow RR

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35
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membrane

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36
Q

clinical manifestations of respiratory alterations

What signs come with respiratory alterations?

A

cough
dyspnea
chest pain
abnormal sputum
hemoptysis
altered breathing patterns
cyanosis
fever

37
Q

orthopnea

A

dyspnea (SOB) with laying down
-pts can breath better when propped up slightly

38
Q

clubbing

A

often occurs when in heart and lung disease that reduce the amount of 02 in the blood
- distorted angle of nail bed
- poor o2, poor blood flow
assess: put two fingernails together and there should not be a space in between

39
Q

hypoxemia

A

low level of oxygen in the blood

40
Q

whats the sign and symptom of hypoxia in the brain?

A

restlessness

40
Q

what is a sign and symptom of hypoxia in the heart

A

chest pain

40
Q

what is a sign and symptom of hypoxia in our skin

A

pollar

40
Q

signs and symptoms for the GI tract

A

nausea, gas, cramping

40
Q

RAT BED

A

restlessness
anxiety
tachycardia/tachypnea
bradycarida
extreme restlessness
dyspnea

40
Q

ventilation

A

process of gas exchange
breathing in and breathing out

41
Q

hypoventilation

A

breathing too shallow or too slow to meet the bodys need for o2

42
Q

one difference between bradypnea and hypoventilation

A

the actual gas exchange and the movement of the chest wall

43
Q

hyperventilation

A

breathing that is too rapid or too deep. breathing exceeds the bodys metabolic demands

44
Q

what would cause hypoventilation?

A

sleep, sedatives,

45
Q

respiratory depressions

A

decreased respiratory depression, not breathing adequately

46
Q

what could cause hyperventilation

A

anxiety, exercise, metabolic acidosis, pain

47
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed air sacs (alveoli)

48
Q

prevention of atelectasis

A

early ambulation, turn cough, deep breathe, incentive spirometry

49
Q

respiratory too shallow

A

building up of Co2

50
Q

when a person hyperventilates (breathing too slow) they develop increase co2 in the body

A

hypercapnia

51
Q

aspiration

A

passage of gastric contents (fluid or solid) into the lungs

52
Q

when a person hyperventilates what happens to the Co2

A

they lose too much Co2
hypocapnia

53
Q

aspiration can cause what?

A

aspiration pneumonia

54
Q

prevention of aspiration

A

assess pts ability to swallow
keep head of bed elevated with tube feedings
thorough lung assessment

55
Q

assessment of respiratory system

A
  • RR
  • Use of accessory muscles
  • cyanosis
  • oxygen saturation
    adventitious breath sounds
    -clubbing
    -dyspnea with activity
56
Q

diagnostic tests

A

-chest xray
- arterial blood gas
- sputum culture sensitivity
-ct scans
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- bronchoscopy
- thoracentesis

57
Q

promotion of lung expansion

A
  • position changes frequently - every 2 hrs
  • keep upright
  • increase daily activities
  • ensure hydration
  • coughing breathing
    -deep breathing
58
Q

Albuterol (proair) MDI

A

bronchodilator
- rescue inhaler for acute difficulty breathing
-beta 2 agonist (short-acting) SABAs
- stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors, relaxing airway smooth muscle
- 2 puffs every 4-6hyrs PRN
- may take 2 puffs 5-30mins before exercise

59
Q

assessment of respiratory system

A
  • RR
  • Use of accessory muscles
  • cyanosis
  • oxygen saturation
  • adventitious breath sounds
    -clubbing
    -dyspnea with activity
60
Q

Symbicort inhaler

A
  • Corticosteriod/Branchodilator
  • beta 2 agonist (long acting) LABA
  • two puffs bid
  • treatment for asthma attacks and exercise induced bronchospasm and COPD

** make sure to rinse mouth after inhalation**

61
Q

common reactions with Symbicort inhaler?

A

tachycardia, nervousness, palpitations, oral candidiasis

62
Q

fine crackles (rales)

A
  • higher pitched
  • brief, discontinuous, popping sounds -usually fluid in the lungs
63
Q

coarse crackles (rales)

A

-more fluid in the lungs
- lower pitched, longer duration compared to fine
- bubbling sound

64
Q

wheezing

A

continuous, musical sounds, more common on inspiration, higher up in the lungs

65
Q

rhonchi

A

a low pitched wheeze
can be heard over trachea
distant pause between inspiration and expiration

66
Q

bronchial

A

hollow

67
Q

respiratory assessment

A

vital signs, oxygen saturation, level of consciousness, any s/s of hypoxia, skin

68
Q

assessing pts on oxygen therapy

A

equipment
correct oxygen delivery device
flow rate is correct
respiratory assessment

69
Q

FI02 is percent of oxygen a person is

A

inhaling
breathing at any given time

70
Q

room air FI02 is

A

21%

71
Q

with supplemental oxygen, FI02 can reach

A

100%

72
Q

Nasal Cannula

A

oxygen delivery - up to 6L/min
FI02 24-44%

73
Q

advantages to nasal cannula

A

safe and simple, easily tolerated
increased mobility

74
Q

disadvantages to nasal cannula

A

dries membranes
skin breakdown

75
Q

non-rebreather mask

A

delivers high concentration of oxygen
treats hypoxia
decreases workload of breathing
10-15L/min

76
Q

face mask with reservoir bag

A

has one way valves that open during expiration and close during inhalation to prevent decrease in FI02 or build up of CO2

77
Q

advantages of a venturi mask

A

controls exact concentration of oxygen
delivers FI02 of 24-60% flow rates from 4-12L//min

78
Q

disadvantages of venturi mask

A

hot and confining
interferes with eating and talking
-commonly used in pts with COPD

79
Q

venturi mask

A

needs an exact o2

80
Q

factors that alter accuracy of pulse ox- Physical

A

motion/incorrect placement
BP monitoring device
bright lights,polish,acrylics

81
Q

factors that alter accuracy of pulse ox - physiological

A

poor arterial flow or edema
cold hands; poor capillary filling
anemia

82
Q

Incentive spirometry (IS)

A

helps prevent postop pulmonary complications (atelectasis)
provides voluntary deep breathing
gives visual feedback

-watch volume, sustained breath
-sucking in
- forces air sacs open
- take 10 breaths every 2 hours

83
Q

oxygen toxicity

A

can develop when a person breaths 100% oxygen for >12 hrs

84
Q

oxygen toxicity on CNS and pulmonary systems

A

pallor, sweating, nausea, vomiting
seizures, vertigo, muscle + twitching
hallucinations, visual changes, anxiety
chest pain, dyspnea

IM 1 (34 decks)

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