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Infection Prevention & Control Flashcards

1
Q

Ways to describe infections?

A
  1. Inherent or contagious
  2. Localized or systemic
  3. Primary or secondary
  4. Exogenous or endogenous
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2
Q

Infection

A

When a pathogen invades tissues and begins multiplying within a host

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3
Q

Define colonization

A

Presence and multiplication of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage

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4
Q

Define communicable disease

A

That which can be transmitted from one individual to another

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5
Q

Define Symptomatic

A

When pathogens multiply and cause signs and symptoms of disease

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6
Q

Asymptomatic infection

A

When pathogens multiply but no clinical signs and symptoms are present

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7
Q

Define Virulence

A

Ability to produce disease

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8
Q

What are the 5 moments for hand hygiene

A

1 before touching a patient
2 before clean/aseptic procedure
3 after body fluid exposure risk
4 after touching a patient
5 after touching patient surroundings

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9
Q

What are the natural defense mechanisms against infection

A

Skin, mouth, eyes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, GI tract, and vagina

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10
Q

What is the chain of infection ? Hint:6

A

1 infection agent
2 reservoir
3 portal of exit
4 means of transmission
5 portal of entry
6 susceptible host

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11
Q

Examples of Infection agent or pathogen

A

Bacteria, fungi, viruses, rickettsiae, and Protozoa, helminths, and prions

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12
Q

Ex of Reservoirs

A

People, hospital equipment, water, animals, food, insects/arthropods, soiled or wet dressing, inanimate objects

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13
Q

Reservoir

A

Place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host

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14
Q

Portal of exits

A

Excretions, secretions, skin, droplets

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15
Q

Means of transmission

A

Direct contact, ingestion, fomites, airborne

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16
Q

Direct contact

A

Person to person (fecal, oral) physical contact between source and susceptible host

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17
Q

Indirect contact/fomite

A

Personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object
Ex~ needles or sharp objects, dressings, environment

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18
Q

Droplet

A

Large particles that travel up to 3ft during coughing, sneezing, or talking and come in contact with susceptible host

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19
Q

Airborne

A

Droplet nuclei or residue or evaporated suspended in the air during coughing or sneezing or carried on dust particles

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20
Q

Portal of entry

A

Mucous membranes, GI tract, GU tract, respiratory tract, or broken skin

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21
Q

Susceptible host

A

Immunosuppression, diabetes, surgery,burns,elderly, indwelling devices, skin/mucous membranes breaks, poor oxygenation, impaired circulation

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22
Q

Portal of exit~respiratory

A

Septum, cough,sneeze

23
Q

Portal of exit~GU

A

Reproductive secretions, urine

24
Q

Portal of exit~GI

A

Saliva, emesis, blood and fece,

25
Portal of exit~Venous system
Blood
26
Portal of exit~mucous membranes & intact skin
Draining wounds
27
Vector (means of transmission)
Insect transmission
28
Indirect contact High touch areas
Gowns, bed linen, bedside furniture Handles, IV poles, BP machines, pulse ox, stethoscopes, accudata machines
29
Bleach wipes require how long to clean to kill pathogens
3 mins
30
How long does it take hydrogen peroxide to kill pathogens
1 min
31
Portal of entry
GI-GU tract, mucous membranes, skin integrity disruption, respiratory tract, eyes
32
Inherent infection
Lives in our body
33
Localized infection
Ex: mosquito bite Wound infection, a patient will experience localized symptoms such as pain, tenderness, warmth, redness at the wound site
34
Systemic infection
An infection that affects the entire body instead of just a single organ. Can be fatal if undetected and untreated
35
Primary infection
Original source
36
Secondary infection
Ex:sepsis An infection that occurs during or after treatment for another infection
37
Exogenous infection
Comes from microorganisms found outside the individual Ex: salmonella, Clostridium tetani, & Aspergillus
38
Endogenous infection
Occurs when part of the patients flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results Ex: staphylococci, enterococci, yeasts, & streptococci
39
A nurse has an open abrasion on the skin. This is a concern during patient care because the open abrasion could represent which of the following elements in the chain of infection? (Two possible answers) a. Etiological Agent b. Reservoir c. Portal of Exit d. Method of Transmission e. Portal of Entry f. Susceptible Host
Portal of Exit & Portal of Entry
40
The nurse disposes of a butterfly needle and tubing used to draw blood. The butterfly needle, if not properly disposed of, could represent which element in the chain of infection? a. Etiological Agent b. Reservoir c. Portal of Exit d. Method of Transmission e. Portal of Entry f. Susceptible Host
Method of transmission
41
The patient coughs without covering their mouth. The mouth serves as which element in the chain of infection? a. Etiological Agent b. Reservoir c. Portal of Exit d. Method of Transmission e. Portal of Entry f. Susceptible Host
Portal of Exit
42
An IV is inserted without cleaning the skin properly before insertion. The needle serves as which element in the chain of infection? a. Etiological Agent b. Reservoir c. Portal of Exit d. Method of Transmission e. Portal of Entry f. Susceptible Host
Portal of Entry
43
The nurse does not clean their stethoscope between patients. The stethoscope represents which element in the chain of infection? a. Etiological Agent b. Reservoir c. Portal of Exit d. Method of Transmission e. Portal of Entry f. Susceptible Host
Method of transmission
44
6. Fresh flowers or plants brought into the patient room. These flowers/plants represent which element in the chain of infection? (2 correct answers) a. Etiological Agent b. Reservoir c. Portal of Exit d. Method of Transmission e. Portal of Entry f. Susceptible Host
Reservoir & Method of transmission
45
The nurse fails to wear appropriate tier 2 PPE for a patient isolated for pertussis. The nurse’s scrubs are exposed to the pertussis patient. The scrubs serve as which element in the chain of infection? a. Etiological Agent b. Reservoir c. Portal of Exit d. Method of Transmission e. Portal of Entry f. Susceptible Host
Method of transmisson
46
Migrant workers eat unwashed fruit directly from the field. The fruit serves as which element in the chain of infection? a. Etiological Agent b. Reservoir c. Portal of Exit d. Method of Transmission e. Portal of Entry f. Susceptible Host
Reservoir
47
A patient is diagnosed with COVID-19 and subsequently admitted to the hospital. COVID-19 represents which element in the chain of infection? a. Etiological Agent b. Reservoir c. Portal of Exit d. Method of Transmission e. Portal of Entry f. Susceptible Host
Etiological Agent
48
10. A patient has a head laceration that is open to air (it is not covered with a dressing). The laceration (open to air) represents which element in the chain of infection? (Hint: the wound is somewhat fresh and does not show signs of infection.) a. Etiological Agent b. Reservoir c. Portal of Exit d. Method of Transmission e. Portal of Entry f. Susceptible Host
Portal of Entry
49
Contact Precautions exmples
MDRO (Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, ESBLs, CREs, etc.), VRE, RSV, Shingles (limited area of body), Rotavirus, Lice, Scabies, Wounds w/no dressing or containment of drainage
50
Special Contact Precautions
Clostridium difficile or Diarrhea on admission
51
Droplet Precautions
Influenza (FLU), Pertussis, Bacterial Meningitis
52
Airborne (Negative Air) Precautions examples
TB (Tuberculosis), Varicella (Chicken Pox), Measles (rubeola), Disseminated Shingles (widespread or immunocompromised patient)
53
Special Respiratory precautions -Droplet
COVID-19 no aerosol generating procedures
54
Special Respiratory precautions- Airborne
COVID-19 Aerosol generating procedures

IM 1 (34 decks)

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