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Fundamentals of Nursing > Oxygen > Flashcards

Oxygen Flashcards

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1
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstruction in airflow

  • greater than 6 months
  • trapping of CO2 and difficulty getting O2 in
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2
Q

Emphysema

A

destruction of alveoli

  • decrease gas exchange
  • pink puffer
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3
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

airway inflammation + excess sputum + cough

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4
Q

do not give COPD patients O2 greater than ____ because_____

A

> 2 lpm
because poor gas exchange
–body accommodate
–a stimulus to breathe ( high CO2 ) goes away which means lower O2 > will cause resp rate to drop > CO2 narcosis/toxicity

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5
Q

COPD assessment

A

-accessory msucle use
-adventitious breath sounds (diminished, crackle, or wheezes)
-BARREL CHEST
-congestion on x-ray
ABG
high pCO2
low pH

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6
Q

COPD treatments

A

bronchodilators + corticosteroids

-monitor SpO2 and ABG

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7
Q

What is likely to lead to hyponatremia?

A

Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water

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8
Q

HYPERcalcemia and HYPERmagnesemia cause

A

decreased neuromuscular excitability

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9
Q

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of

A

neuromuscular excitability

-can be caused by HYPOcalcemia, HYPOmagnesemia

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10
Q

Na normal range

A

135-147 mEq/L

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11
Q

K normal range

A

3.5-5.5 mEq/L

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12
Q

Ca normal range

A

8.5-10.2 mg/dL

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13
Q

Mg normal range

A

1.5-2.5

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14
Q

Ph normal range

A

2.5-4.5 mg/dL

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15
Q

Cl normal range

A

98-106 mEq/L

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16
Q

excess in carbonic acid…

A

resp acidosis

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17
Q

deficit in carbonic acid

A

resp alkalosis

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18
Q

deficit of bicarbonate in ECF

A

metab acidosis

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19
Q

excess of bicarbonate

A

metab alkalosis

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20
Q

low-dose o2 for chronic bronchitis

A

normally, low O2 sends a signal to baroreceptors to prevent CO2 fr accumulating

high dose will prevent that pathway and will try to increase CO2 retention.

low dose won’t interfere w the pathway

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21
Q

pulmonary ventilation> internal respiration> diffusion/perfusion

A

vent: air into lungs
resp: alveoli xchange
diffusion: high pressure to low
perfusion: O2 thru tissues

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22
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood forced out of the LEFT ventricle w EACH CONTRACTION

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23
Q

Cardiac Output

A

how much blood is pumped per minutes

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24
Q

Cardiac Output average

A

3.5-8 L/min

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25
Q

normal lung sounds

A

1 vesicular
2 bronchial
3 bronchovesicular

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26
Q

vesicular

A

low pitch, soft

-peripheral lung

27
Q

bronchial

A

loud, high pitch

-trachea, larynx

28
Q

bronchovesicular

A

medium pitch, blowing sounds

-major bronchi

29
Q

adventitious lung sounds

A
  • extra breathing
  • wheezing
  • crackles
  • rhails
30
Q

crackles

A

air passing thru fluid

31
Q

wheeze

A

air passing thru constriction (may be due to swelling, narrowing, secretion, tumor)
-musical

32
Q

lub

A

beginning of systole

S1

33
Q

dub

A

end of systole, beginning of diastole, relaxation of ventricles
S2

34
Q

spirometer is used for…

A

preventing atelecstatis and pneumonia

35
Q

administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

CAB
chest compression (check pulse, if none, initiate compressions)
airway (tilt head lift chin, check breathing, resp tract must be open)
breathing victim d
defribillation apply AED asap

36
Q

chest physiotherapy is great for patients w sputum such as

A

cystic fibrosis

37
Q

Respiratory Rate

INFANTS

A

20-40 breaths/min

38
Q 
Respiratory Rate
Early Child (1-5)
A

25-32 breaths/min

39
Q 
Respiratory Rate
Late Child (6-12)
A

18-26 breaths/min

40
Q

Respiratory Rate

Adult

A

12-20 breaths/min

41
Q 
Respiratory Rate
Older Adults (65+)
A

16-24 breaths/min

42
Q

Pursed-lip breathing and its effect

A 
1 Slows + prolongs expiration
2 DECR airway narrowing
3 Prevents collapse of sm airways
4 Improved airways
5 DECR dyspnea
6 relaxation/decr panic
43
Q

pursed lip breathing is for

A

1 COPD
2 dyspnea
3 anxiety attx

44
Q

how to perform pursed lip

A

1 Sit upright
2 Inhale thru nose while counting to 3
3 Exhale slowly + evenly thru pursed lips while tightening abs
4 Count to 7

45
Q

if the chest tube becomes disconnected from the drainage unit…

A

submerge the end in water to create a water seal (air can escape) until a new drain unit can be attached.
-This is done instead of clamping to prevent another pneumothorax

46
Q

illnesses that may cause crackles

A

congestive HF, fluid overload, pneumonia, bronchitis

47
Q

Na normal range

A

135 - 145 mEq/L

48
Q

K normal range

A

3.5m- 5.0 mEq/L

49
Q

Ca normal range

A

9-10.5 total serum

50
Q

Cl normal range

A

96-106 mEq/L

51
Q

hyperkalemia on heart

A

bradycardia

52
Q

relationship of calcium + phosphate

A

INVERSE

53
Q

relationship of magnesium + potassium

A

DIRECT

54
Q

HYPOcalcemia vs HYPERcalcemia

A

HYPO=incr muscular excitability

HYPER=decr musc excite

55
Q

HYPOmanesemia vs HYPERmagnesemia

A

HYPO=incr muscular excitability

HYPER=decr musc excite

56
Q

Biot’s

A

abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by groups of regular deep inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea.

57
Q

Kussmaul

A

Deep, rapid breathing (hyperventilation)

-Expels co2 in DKA to fix acidosis

58
Q

Oxygen use at home

A
  • No petroleum
  • No synthetic fabrics like polyester
  • No wool
  • Wear cotton
59
Q

wheezes can be heard in

A

asthma, tumors, buildup in secretion

60
Q

COPD requires a ______ diet

A

high protein + high calorie

1.9-2.9L water

61
Q

water intake for patients w heart failure and hyponatremia

A

1.5L water

62
Q

Chest tube

A

used to suction pleural space

  • fluid (pleural effusion)
  • air (pneumothorax)
  • blood (hemothorax)
63
Q

Chest tube locations

A

air is higher in the chest

fluid is lower because it settles at bottom of lungs

Fundamentals of Nursing (17 decks)

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