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Fundamentals of Nursing > 29 Medication > Flashcards

29 Medication Flashcards

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1
Q

2 drug classifications

A 
1 pharmaceutical class
2 therapeutic class
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2
Q

pharmaceutical class

A

refers to:
1 mechanism of action [MOA]
2 physiologic effect [PE]
3 chemical structure [CS]

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3
Q

therapeutic class

A

refers to clinical indication of drug or therapeutic action

ex) analgesic, antibiotic, antihypertensive

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4
Q

pharmacoKINETICS

A

effects of body on drugs

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5
Q

types of pharmacokinetics

A

1 absorption
2 distribution
3 metabolism
4 excretion

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6
Q

pharmacoDYNAMICS

A

effects of drugs on body

  • drugs turn on, turn off, promote, or block responses
  • can also alter cell structure/environment
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7
Q

types of adverse effects

A
  • allergic rxn
  • drug tolerance
  • toxic effect
  • idiosyncratic effect
  • drug interactions: antagonist/synergist
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8
Q

factors affecting drug action

A
  • dvlptl consideration
  • weight
  • gender
  • genetic/cultural
  • psychological
  • pathology
  • environment
  • timing of administration
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9
Q

therapeutic range

A

concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect wo toxicity

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10
Q

through level

A

point when the drug is at its lowest concentration

-indicates rate of elimination

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11
Q

half life

A

amount of time it takes for 50% of blood concentration of drug to be eliminated fr body

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12
Q

you need a needle for……

A

parenteral (outside the intestines)

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13
Q

NonParenteral Medications

A 
1 Oral
2 Topical
3 Suppositories
4 Ophthalmic
5 Otic
6 Nasal
7 Inhalation
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14
Q

score pills

A

pill w grooves to indicate pill may be split

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15
Q

enteric coated

A

barrier prevents gastric acids in stomach fr dissolving/degrading drugs

DO NOT CUT

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16
Q

extended release, sustained release, time-release, controlled release

A

coated to dissolve more slowly

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17
Q

capsules

A

easier to swallow

-CANNOT OPEN TO ADMINISTER

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18
Q

sublingual vs buccal

A

sublingual goes under tongue
buccal goes bw cheek + gums

DO NOT PROVIDE WATER

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19
Q

elixer vs suspension vs syrup

A

elixir: alcohol + syrup + water + med
syrup: syrup + water + med
suspension: med + suspension (must shake)

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20
Q

ophthalmic

A

lean back, block duct, pull undereye, drop into under eye

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21
Q

Liniment

A

liquid or semi-liquid thats applied to skin w friction + rubbing

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22
Q

Lotion

A
  • meant for external application w/o friction
  • less viscous than liniments
  • works best w less grease on skin
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23
Q

Oil

A

contains oil base

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24
Q

Intradermal

A

administered into dermis right below the epidermis

  • 5-15 degrees
  • used for sensitivity test + localized anesthesia
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25
Q

which has the longest absorption time out of all parenteral routes?

A

intradermal injection

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26
Q

how much is the usual intradermal dosage?

A

0.5mL

usually a small amount

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27
Q

ng tube reasons

A

1 for suction

2 feeding

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28
Q

Interference

A

one drug interferes w METABOLISM of another

-leads to build-up of meds and maybe toxicity

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29
Q

additive effects

A

drugs w SIMILAR PHARMACOLOGIC action

—1+1=2

30
Q

synergistic effects

A

drugs w different sites or mechanisms of action

  • –GREATER effects when taken together
  • —1+1=4
31
Q

ethnopharmacology

A

study of indigenous plants

32
Q

bioavailability

A

portion of drug that reaches systemic circulation

33
Q

pharmacogenetics

A

difference in responses of patients may result fr genetic differences
ex) patient may not have a certain enzyme needed to break down a med

34
Q

Certain ethnic groups/races have more variation in therapeutic dose/adverse effects than others… example

A

ACE inhibitors are found to be less effective on black patients

35
Q

routine order

A

carried out as specified until it is canceled by another order

36
Q

standing order

A

specified set of written orders for ALL hospitalized patients
–for practitioners whose practices are limited to a particular clinical area

37
Q

PRN order

A

as needed

—when requested or required

38
Q

7 parts of medication order

A 
1 pt. name + 2ndry IDer
2 date + time order was written
3 drug name
4 dosage
5 route
6 frequency
7 provider signature + title
39
Q

11 medication RIGHTS

A 
1 drug
2 patient
3 dosage
4 route
5 time
6 reason
7 assessment
8 documentation
9 response
10 to education
11 to refuse
40
Q

narcotic dispersal recording requirements

A 
1 patient name
2 amount of substance used
3 hour it was given
4 name of prescriber
5 name of nurse/administer
41
Q

when wasting a controlled substance, what is required?

A

a second nurse to witness the disposal

42
Q

crushing/chewing extended-release meds can result w…

A

potentially toxic peaks and low troughs

43
Q

how much water do you flush tubes with before/after providing medication?

A

15-30 mL for adults

5-10 for kids

44
Q

route of admin on equipment size

A

IM=longer needle

45
Q

viscosity on equipment size

A

more viscous=needle w larger lumen

46
Q

quantity on equipment

A

larger amt=larger syringe

47
Q

body size on equipment size

A

large body=larger needle

48
Q

what type of clean technique does parenteral injections require?

A

surgical asepsis

49
Q

ampule

A
  • glass flask w SINGLE DOSE

- requires a FILTER NEEDLE

50
Q

how long do vials usually last for once opened?

A

usually 24 hrs to prevent microbes

51
Q

vial procedures

A

wipe w alcohol, insert air (same amt as needed), label w date + time

52
Q

basal insulin

A

-covers body’s basal metabolic needs

53
Q

basal insulin examples

A
  • glargine
  • detemir
  • NPH
54
Q

prandial/preprandial insulin

A

to prevent postpandrial (after meal) hyperglycemia

55
Q

prandial/preprandial insulin examples

A
  • lispro

- aspart

56
Q

which insulins CANNOT be mixed with other insulins

A

glargine + detemir

57
Q

U100 contains…

A

100 units per mL

58
Q

TB test or allergy test usually uses which injection?

A

intradermal injections

59
Q

what is the max amount to inject subQ

A

usually no more than 1 mL

60
Q

subcutaneous injections

A
  • into adipose, under epidermis + dermis
  • slow + sustained rt of absorption
  • 45-90 degree
61
Q

recommended IM sites for infants/toddlers?

A

vastus lateralis

62
Q

recommended IM sites for adults?

A

ventrogluteal + deltoids

63
Q

recommended IM sites for children?

A

vastus lateralis or deltoids

64
Q

recommended IM sites for irritating medication?

A

ventrogluteal

65
Q

amt usually injected in IM

A

1-5 mL

66
Q

3 ways IV can be administered

A

1 infusion solution (slow)
2 bolus/push (usually over 2 min)
3 intermittent infusion (prescribed intervals like every 4 hours)

67
Q

contraindications for suppositories

A

patients who has recent rectal/prostate surgery

  • thrombocytopenia
  • neutropenic
  • at risk for cardiac arrythmias
68
Q

steps after med error

A

1 check patient for adverse effects
2 notify nurse mgmt + provider
3 report incident

69
Q

enteral vs parenteral vs nonparenteral

A

E: anything placed directly into the digestive tract: NG-tube, J-tube, PEG tube.
P: INJECTED in the body anywhere other than the mouth or alimentary canal
NP: oral medications (pills, capsules, syrups), topical medications (ointments, patches like nitro), and suppositories (vaginal and rectal)

70
Q

Enteral Route is part of….

A

NONparenteral

Fundamentals of Nursing (17 decks)

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