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Fundamentals of Nursing > 33 Activity > Flashcards

33 Activity Flashcards

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1
Q

Isotonic Exercise

A

muscle shortening + active mvmt

  • carrying out ADL, ROM exercises, swimming, walking
  • incr osteoblastic/bone building. circ. resp + hrt function, improved muscle mass/tone/strength.
  • —–PASSIVE isotonic does not have same benefits
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2
Q

Isometric Exercise

A

muscle contractions w.o shortening of muscle fibers

  • quad/glute muscles can squeeze, but cause no mvmt, like holding a yoga pose
  • incr osteoblastic/bone building. circ. resp + hrt function, improved muscle mass/tone/strength.
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3
Q

Isokinetic Exercise

A

muscle contraction thru complete ROM with resistance

-like lifting weights, rehab exercise for knee/elbow injury

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4
Q

illnesses that interferes w oxygentation at cellular level + thus decreases activity tolerance

A

anemia, angina, cardiac arrythmias, hr failure, COPD,

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5
Q

diseases that incr breakdown of protein (more than how much is made) + thus decreases activity tolerance

A

anorexia, cancer

–leads to muscle wasting + decr physical energy

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6
Q

ROM

A

maximum degree of mvmt of which a joint is capable of

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7
Q

Correct body alignment

A

allows for optimal musculoskeletal balance + operation
-promotes optimal physiologic functioning

  • -normally, head is erect + midline, face is forward, abs, spine, chest upwards
  • -gravity gows thry the midline
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8
Q

safe patient transfer assistive devices

A 
1 Gait belts
2 Stand Assist Repositioning Aids
3 Lateral Assist Devices
4 Friction Reducing Sheets
5 Mechanical Lateral ASsist Device
6 Transfer Chairs
7 Powered Stand-Assist + Repositioning Lifts
8 Powered Full-Body Lifts
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9
Q

techniques to prevent back injury

A
  • erect posture
  • use longest + strongest muscles in arms/legs to provide power (muscles of back are less strong)
  • use internal girdle by contracting glutes down and abs up
  • work w object/patient as closely as possible
  • face direction ur headed, no twisting
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10
Q

to prevent nurse injury, the nurse should avoid lifting and try to ___

A

slide, roll, then push or pull

-push rather than pull if possible. keep arms close to body

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11
Q

before beginning activities, the nurse should ______ to prevent injury

A
  • broaden base
  • flex knees
  • make sure surface is dry + smooth
  • break up heavy loads into smaller loads
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12
Q

during any patient-transfer task, if the nurse is required to lift more than 35 lbs, then…

A

the patient is considered FULLY DEPENDENT

—-use assistive devices for transfer

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13
Q

Gait Belt

A

-used to help patients stand + provide stabilization when pivoting
-for patients who have leg strength + can cooperate w minimal assistance
DO NOT use on patients w ab or thoracic incisions

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14
Q

Stand-Assist + Repositioning Aids

A
  • type of grasp/support that patients use to lift themselves
  • –can be freestanding or attached to bed/wheelchair, or a pull up bar
  • for patients who need minimal assistance to stand up
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15
Q

Lateral Assist Devices

A
  • reduces friction during side-to-side transfers

- –roller board, slide board, transfer board, inflatable mattress

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16
Q

Friction-Reducing Sheets

A

used under patient to prevent ski shearing when moving patients in bed or in lateral transfers

  • -require excessive force by nurse
  • -NOT recommended for force of 35lbs or more
17
Q

Mechanical Lateral-Assist Device

A

has specialized stretchers; NO NEED to slide manually

–motorized or hand crank

18
Q

Transfer Chairs

A

chairs that convert into stretchers

-for patients who have NO WEIGHT-BEARING CAPACITY + CANNOT FOLLOW DIRECTIONS + CANNOT COOPERATE

19
Q

Powered Stand-Assist + Repositioning Lifts

A

device mechanically assist patient to stand

  • -sling is placed around back + underarm, rest feet on footrest, place hand on handle
  • -can be wheeled to chair, toilet, bed
  • for patients who can bear weight on at least 1 leg, can follow directions, + cooperative
20
Q

Powered Full-Body Lifts

A

sling attached to a lift

-for patients who CANNOT bear weight to move out of bed

21
Q

Supine/Dorsal Recumbent

A

do not use on patients w spinal anesthesia or surgery on spine

22
Q

Side-Lying/Lateral

A

-relieves pressure on scapulae, sacrum, heels

23
Q

Oblique Position

A

preferred over side lying bs less prssure on trochanter

-hip flexed 30 + kneee flexed 35

24
Q

Sim’s

A

lower arm is behind midline, upper arm is bent up

-main body weight is borne by anterior aspects of humerus

25
Q

Prone

A

contraindicatred for patients w spinal problems

—pull of gravity on trunk causes marked lordosis + forward curvature of lumbar spine

26
Q

Fowlers

A

semi-sitting, 45-60 degree

  • promotes cardiac + resp functioning bc organs drop
  • for eating, conversation, urinary/bowel elimination
27
Q

High Fowler

A

head of bed is 90 degrees

  • patient can lean forward and rest arm on pillow
  • best for lung expansion
28
Q

which areas are at risk for skin breakdown in the fowler’s position

A

heels, sacrum, scapulae

buttocks bear most of weight

29
Q

Active ROM exercise

A

patient independently moves joints thru their full range of motion

  • -ISOTONIC
  • nurse may provide MINIMAL support
30
Q

Inactive ROM exercise

A

patient is unable to move independenty

-nurse moves each joint thru ROM

31
Q

ROM exercise safety guidelines

A
  • avoid overexertion
  • do not cont to point of fatigue
  • avoid neck hypertension in attempt to achieve full ROM
  • move each joint until there is RESISTANCE but NOT PAIN
  • hrt rt should return to norm within 3 mins
32
Q

Walker

A

improve balance by increasing patient’s base of support, + enhance lateral stability, support patient’s weight

33
Q

Walkers w wheels in front legs

A
  • best for patients w gait that’s too fast

- best for patients who cannot lift the walkers

34
Q

Walkers w 4 wheels

A

for patients who require larger base of support but DO NOT rely on walker to bear weight

35
Q

MORSE FALL SCALE

A

0-24 no risk
25-50 risk
51+ high risk

Fundamentals of Nursing (17 decks)

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