33 Activity Flashcards
Isotonic Exercise
muscle shortening + active mvmt
- carrying out ADL, ROM exercises, swimming, walking
- incr osteoblastic/bone building. circ. resp + hrt function, improved muscle mass/tone/strength.
- —–PASSIVE isotonic does not have same benefits
Isometric Exercise
muscle contractions w.o shortening of muscle fibers
- quad/glute muscles can squeeze, but cause no mvmt, like holding a yoga pose
- incr osteoblastic/bone building. circ. resp + hrt function, improved muscle mass/tone/strength.
Isokinetic Exercise
muscle contraction thru complete ROM with resistance
-like lifting weights, rehab exercise for knee/elbow injury
illnesses that interferes w oxygentation at cellular level + thus decreases activity tolerance
anemia, angina, cardiac arrythmias, hr failure, COPD,
diseases that incr breakdown of protein (more than how much is made) + thus decreases activity tolerance
anorexia, cancer
–leads to muscle wasting + decr physical energy
ROM
maximum degree of mvmt of which a joint is capable of
Correct body alignment
allows for optimal musculoskeletal balance + operation
-promotes optimal physiologic functioning
- -normally, head is erect + midline, face is forward, abs, spine, chest upwards
- -gravity gows thry the midline
safe patient transfer assistive devices
1 Gait belts 2 Stand Assist Repositioning Aids 3 Lateral Assist Devices 4 Friction Reducing Sheets 5 Mechanical Lateral ASsist Device 6 Transfer Chairs 7 Powered Stand-Assist + Repositioning Lifts 8 Powered Full-Body Lifts
techniques to prevent back injury
- erect posture
- use longest + strongest muscles in arms/legs to provide power (muscles of back are less strong)
- use internal girdle by contracting glutes down and abs up
- work w object/patient as closely as possible
- face direction ur headed, no twisting
to prevent nurse injury, the nurse should avoid lifting and try to ___
slide, roll, then push or pull
-push rather than pull if possible. keep arms close to body
before beginning activities, the nurse should ______ to prevent injury
- broaden base
- flex knees
- make sure surface is dry + smooth
- break up heavy loads into smaller loads
during any patient-transfer task, if the nurse is required to lift more than 35 lbs, then…
the patient is considered FULLY DEPENDENT
—-use assistive devices for transfer
Gait Belt
-used to help patients stand + provide stabilization when pivoting
-for patients who have leg strength + can cooperate w minimal assistance
DO NOT use on patients w ab or thoracic incisions
Stand-Assist + Repositioning Aids
- type of grasp/support that patients use to lift themselves
- –can be freestanding or attached to bed/wheelchair, or a pull up bar
- for patients who need minimal assistance to stand up
Lateral Assist Devices
- reduces friction during side-to-side transfers
- –roller board, slide board, transfer board, inflatable mattress
Friction-Reducing Sheets
used under patient to prevent ski shearing when moving patients in bed or in lateral transfers
- -require excessive force by nurse
- -NOT recommended for force of 35lbs or more
Mechanical Lateral-Assist Device
has specialized stretchers; NO NEED to slide manually
–motorized or hand crank
Transfer Chairs
chairs that convert into stretchers
-for patients who have NO WEIGHT-BEARING CAPACITY + CANNOT FOLLOW DIRECTIONS + CANNOT COOPERATE
Powered Stand-Assist + Repositioning Lifts
device mechanically assist patient to stand
- -sling is placed around back + underarm, rest feet on footrest, place hand on handle
- -can be wheeled to chair, toilet, bed
- for patients who can bear weight on at least 1 leg, can follow directions, + cooperative
Powered Full-Body Lifts
sling attached to a lift
-for patients who CANNOT bear weight to move out of bed
Supine/Dorsal Recumbent
do not use on patients w spinal anesthesia or surgery on spine
Side-Lying/Lateral
-relieves pressure on scapulae, sacrum, heels
Oblique Position
preferred over side lying bs less prssure on trochanter
-hip flexed 30 + kneee flexed 35
Sim’s
lower arm is behind midline, upper arm is bent up
-main body weight is borne by anterior aspects of humerus
Prone
contraindicatred for patients w spinal problems
—pull of gravity on trunk causes marked lordosis + forward curvature of lumbar spine
Fowlers
semi-sitting, 45-60 degree
- promotes cardiac + resp functioning bc organs drop
- for eating, conversation, urinary/bowel elimination
High Fowler
head of bed is 90 degrees
- patient can lean forward and rest arm on pillow
- best for lung expansion
which areas are at risk for skin breakdown in the fowler’s position
heels, sacrum, scapulae
buttocks bear most of weight
Active ROM exercise
patient independently moves joints thru their full range of motion
- -ISOTONIC
- nurse may provide MINIMAL support
Inactive ROM exercise
patient is unable to move independenty
-nurse moves each joint thru ROM
ROM exercise safety guidelines
- avoid overexertion
- do not cont to point of fatigue
- avoid neck hypertension in attempt to achieve full ROM
- move each joint until there is RESISTANCE but NOT PAIN
- hrt rt should return to norm within 3 mins
Walker
improve balance by increasing patient’s base of support, + enhance lateral stability, support patient’s weight
Walkers w wheels in front legs
- best for patients w gait that’s too fast
- best for patients who cannot lift the walkers
Walkers w 4 wheels
for patients who require larger base of support but DO NOT rely on walker to bear weight
MORSE FALL SCALE
0-24 no risk
25-50 risk
51+ high risk
