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Fundamentals of Nursing > Asepsis + Infection > Flashcards

Asepsis + Infection Flashcards

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1
Q

infectious agent

A

bacteria, virus, fungi

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2
Q

reservoir

A

natural habitat of organism

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3
Q

portal of exit

A

point of escape for organism

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4
Q

means of transmission

A

Direct/Indirect Contact, Airborne Route

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5
Q

Portal of Entry

A

point at which organism enter a new host

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6
Q

Susceptible Host

A

must overcome resistance mounted by host’ defenses

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7
Q

Factors Affecting an Organism’s Potential to Produce Disease

A
  • number of organisms
  • virulence
  • competence or person’s immune system
  • length + intimacy of contact bw person and microbe
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8
Q

Stages of Infection

A

1 incubation
2 prodromal
3 full stage of illness
4 convalescent

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9
Q

most infectious stage

A

prodromal stage

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10
Q

Outcome ID + Planning

for Infection Control

A
  • hand hygience practive
  • ID signs of infection
  • adequate nutritional intake
  • proper disposal of soiled articles
  • cleansing/disinfecting techniques
  • proper immunization if avail
  • stress-reduction techniques
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11
Q

norm WBC

A

5k-10k/mm3

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12
Q

aseptic vs sterile

A

aseptic is contamination-free

sterile is 100% germ free

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13
Q

4 transmission based precautions

A

1 Contact Precaution
2 Airborne Precaution
3 Droplet Precaution
4 Neutropenic

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14
Q

Contact Precaution

A

G+G

C.diff, MRSA, Shigella,
VRE, herpes, diarrhea

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15
Q

Airborne Precaution

A

G+G, N95,

TB, chickenpox, measles, sars

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16
Q

Droplet Precaution

A

G+G + goggles + surgical mask

influenza aka flu, myco. pneumonia, mumps,

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17
Q

C DIFF

A

must wash hands. cannot get rid of by hand gel

-contact

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18
Q

airborne vs droplet

A

airborne is smaller

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19
Q

vital signs + sequence

A

indicator of physiological functioning

Temp, Pulse, Resp, BP
sometimes pain + pulse oximetry

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20
Q

pulse oximetry

A

noninvasive arterial oxyhemoglobin measurement

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21
Q

Body Temp

A

the difference bw the amt of heat produced by the body and amt of heat lost to the environment measure in degrees

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22
Q

heat is generated by…

A

metabolic processes in the core tissues of the body

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23
Q

heat is transferred from the core to the skin by…

A

circulating blood

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24
Q

core temp is regulated by…

A

thermoregulatory center in hypothalamus

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25
Q

primary source of heat in the body is…

A

metabolism

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26
Q

shivering

A

muscle tremors caused by hypothalamus to produce heaty

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27
Q

goosebumps

A

contraction of pilomotor muscles on skin

-reduce surface area on skin available for heat loss

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28
Q

primary site of heat loss…

A

skin

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29
Q

heat is lossed on skin by…

A

circ. blood bring heat to ARTERIOVENOUS SHUNTS
- open to allow heat to dissipate
- close to retain hear in body

30
Q

arteriovenous shunt

A

small connections bw arterioles + venules

-open + close to allow heat to dissipate or retain heat in body

31
Q

Opening + closing of arteriovenous shunts is controlled by…

A

sympathetic nervous system in response to changes in core temp or environment

32
Q

4 mechanisms of heat transfer

A

1 Radiation
2 Convection
3 Evaporation
4 Conduction

33
Q

Radiation

A

diffusion or dissemination of heat by electromagnetic waves

ex) body gives off waves of heat fr uncovered surfaces

34
Q

Convection

A

dissemination of heat by motion bw areas of unequal density

ex) an oscillating fan blows currents of cool are across the surface of warm body

35
Q

Evaporation

A

conversion of liquid to vapor

ex) perspiration carries heat away as it evaporates

36
Q

Conduction

A

transfer of heat fr one object to another during DIRECT CONTACT

ex) body transfers heat to an ice pack

37
Q

Afebrile

A

person w normal body temp

38
Q

Pyrexia

A

fever

-incr in above normal body temp

39
Q

febrile

A

a person with a fever

40
Q

Pyrogen

A

substance that causes fever

  • an upward displacement of thermoregulatory set point in the hypothalamus
  • —cause incr in temp
41
Q

substances that can trigger incr in temp

A

bacteria, bacterial products, whole microbes like viruses, response to tissue injury

42
Q

temp rising mechanisms

A

shiver
piloerection
vasocontriction
incr metab

43
Q

Benefits of fevers within 40C/104F

A
  • incr in immune function, inflammation
  • -valuable indicator of health status
  • destruction of disease-causing microbes
  • incr susceptibility of disease-causing microbes to anti-infective agents
44
Q

Hyperprexia

A

dangerously high temp, med emergency

  • above 41C (106F)
  • must be cooled to prevent brain damage
45
Q

fevers are usually self-limiting

A

when temp rises to new set point (due to incr fr pyrogen), heat loss mechanisms prevent temp rising to dangerous levels

46
Q

heat loss mechanisms

A

sweating
vasodilation
incr respiration

47
Q

hypothermia vs fever

A

no change in set point in hypothermia

-extreme heat exposure or excessive heat production (like a strenous workout)

48
Q

Neurogenic fever does not respond to…

A

antipyretic med

49
Q 
hyperthermia
fever
hypothermia
severe hypo
ranges
A 
hyperthermia >41
fever>38.1-40
NORM=35.9-38
hypothermia <35
severe hypo <28
50
Q

effects of hyperthermia

A

loss of appetite, headache, flush, thirst, seizures

INCR resp + pulse

51
Q

effects of hypothermia

A

poor coordination, slurred speech, poor judgment, amnesia, hallucination

DECR resp> Weak pulse> decr BP

52
Q

pulse is throbbing sensation that is produced by…

A

contraction of LEFT ventricle

-causes wave of blood being pumped into arterial circulation

53
Q

tachycardia

A

incr heart rate/pulse

54
Q

bradycardia

A

decr hrt rt/pulse

-sleeping, men, thin, aging, beta blockers

55
Q

dysthrythmia

A

irreg hrt beat

56
Q

arrythmia

A

lack of hrt rate

57
Q

pulse deficit

A

diff bw APICAL vs RADIAL pulse.

58
Q

apical pulse

A

bw 5-6th ribs on patient’s left midclavicular line

59
Q

tachypnea/bradypnea

A

high +low resp rate

60
Q

apnea

A

periods of no breathing

61
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult/labored breathing

62
Q

orthopnea

A

when dyspneic ppl can breathe better when upright

63
Q

blood pressure refers to…

A

amt of force of moving blood against arterial wall

64
Q

Hospital Acquired Infections

examples

A

Catheter UTI (CAUTI)
Surgical site infection (SSI)
Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)
Central line bloodstream infection (CLASBI)

65
Q

all isolation rooms require…

A

gown + gloves

66
Q

DON procedure

A

1 gown
2 mask
3 goggles/face shield
4 gloves

67
Q

DOFF procedure

A

1 gloves
2 goggles/face shield
3 gown
4 mask

68
Q

Types of precautions

A

1 standard
2 contact
3 droplet
4 airborne

69
Q

medical vs surgical asepsis

A

medical is clean technique, surgical is sterile

70
Q

LUB

A

S1

-closure of Mitral + Tricuspic AV valves

71
Q

Dub

A

S2

-closure of Aortic + Pulmonary valves

Fundamentals of Nursing (17 decks)

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