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Fundamentals of Nursing > 38 Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

38 Bowel Elimination Flashcards

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1
Q

part of the GI that digests protein and carbs

A

Small intestines

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2
Q

digestive juices fr liver + pancreas enter the ___

A

small intestines thru opening in duodenum

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3
Q

small intestines is responsible for…

A

digestion of food + absorption of nutrients into bloodstream

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4
Q

controls the mvmt of chyme fr stomach to sm.intestines

A

pyloric sphincter

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5
Q

connection bw ileum (sm.intstn) + lrg intestines

A

ileocecal or ileocolic valve

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6
Q

which colon contains feces?

A

sigmoid colon (comes after descending colon)

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7
Q

large intestines are responsible for…

A

absorption of water, formation of feces, expulsion of feces

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8
Q

bacteria in the large intestines act on food residue to produce…

A

vitamin K + some B complex

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9
Q

nervous system + effects on GI mvmt

A

autonimic NS- innervates muscles of colon
parasympathetic- stim mvmt
sympathetic- inhibits mvmt

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10
Q

nervous system on defecation

A

parasymph- intrinsic anal sphincter relaxes, colon contracts, allows fecal mass to enter the rectum
symph- motor impulses

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11
Q

feces vs stool

A

stool is when feces is expelled out of the body

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12
Q

fecal impaction

A

prolonged retention or an accum of fecal material that forms a hardened mass in the rectum

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13
Q

Black stool may be caused by

A
  • upper GI bleeding like peptic ulcers
  • iron salts fr oxidation of iron
  • bismuth subsalicylate
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14
Q

opiods causes medication-induced constipation

A

enteric neurons control major body functions like bowel control

  • opiod-binding receptors are found in enteric neurons in GI tract
  • binding interrupts peristalsis
  • slow mvmt of stool> incr absorption of h20>
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15
Q

meds that cause constipation

A
  • opioids
  • antacids w Al, FeS
  • anticholinergic
  • inhaled anesthesia for surgery (does NOT apply to local or regional anesthetics)
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16
Q

meds that cause diarrhea

A
  • antibiotics like amoxicillin
  • antacids w Magnesium
  • metmorfin (for diabetes)
  • broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause C.diff to multiply
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17
Q

signs of intestinal obstruction

A
  • distention (inflation)
  • potrusion (projection)
  • visible waves of peristalsis on the abdomen (usually not visible except in v thin patients)
  • hypo(late), hyper(early/partial), absent bowel sounds
18
Q

HYPOactive bowel sounds

A

sign of abdominal surgery ot LATE bowel obstruction

19
Q

HYPERactive bowel sounds

A
  • diarrhea
  • gastroenteritis
  • early/partial bowel obstruction
20
Q

Absent bowel sounds (2 mins+)

A
  • peritonitis
  • paralytic ileus
  • prolonged mobility
21
Q

Guaiac Fecal Occult Blood Test

[gFOBT]

A

chemical test that detects the enzyme peroxidase in hemoglobin molecules when blood is present in stool sample

22
Q

false positives in gFOBT readings may be caused by

A
  • salycate of 325mg+
  • nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
  • steroids
  • iron
  • anticoagulants
23
Q

false negative in gFOBT readings even when blood is present may be caused by

A

ingestion of vitamin C

24
Q

Collecting stool samples

A

asepsis technique, don gloves

  • void first
  • defecate into container
  • avoid contact w soaps, detergents disinfectants, or toilet paper
  • notify nurse when specimen is available
  • use 2 clean tongue blades
  • send to lab immediately or refrigerate
25
Q

Endoscopy

A

direct visualization of body organs or cavities

-long, flexible used w fiberoptic tube that transmits light into organs + returns image

26
Q

Endoscopy is useful for detecting…

A
  • integrity of mucosa, bld vssls, organ parts
  • inflammatory, ulcerative, + infectious diseases
  • benign/malignant neoplasms
  • lesions of esophageal, gastric, intestinal mucosa
27
Q

3 types of Endoscopy

A 
1 esophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGD]
2 colonoscopy (lrg intstn: anus to ileocecal valve)
3 sigmoidoscopy (sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal)
28
Q

Barium Enema

A

series of radiographs that examine the large intestine after rectal instillation of Barium sulfate
-do not use if hx of ulcerative colitis or active GI bleeding

29
Q

Abdominal Ultrasound

A

uses ultrasound waves to visualize organs via small transducer placed against skin

30
Q

____ must be performed before studies involving Barium

A

abdominal ultrasound

-retained barium might compromise study

31
Q

which endoscopy will let you view the distal small bowel?

A

colonoscopy

32
Q

which endoscopy will let you view the duodenum?

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

33
Q

fecal impaction

A

most often caused by constipation

-prevents passage of normal stools

34
Q

sign of fecal impaction

A

liquid fecal seepage w no passage of normal feces

-small amt of liquid may pass around the impacted mass

35
Q

high risk for fecal impaction

A
  • frequent use of stimulant laxative
  • immobile
  • spinal cord injury
  • parkinson’s
  • diabetes mellitus
  • malignancies
  • chronic kidney disease
36
Q

Ileostomy

A

allows LIQUID fecal content fr ileum of SMALL INTESTINE be eliminated thru stoma

37
Q

Colostomy

A

permits FORMED FECES in colon to exit thru stoma

38
Q

Urostomy

A

stoma attaches to the tubes that transport urine away from the bladder.

39
Q

Stoma appearance

A

NORMAL: dark pink to red, moist, protrude 0.5-1in

  • pale>anemia
  • dark, purple, blue>ischemia
  • minimal bleeding is normal, contact provide if bleeding persist
  • flush stoma>erosion
40
Q

J Pouch

A

type of bowel diversion that does NOT require a stoma.

-aka restorative prctocolectomy ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [IPAA]

41
Q

J pouch or IPAA are best for patients w…

A

inflammatory bowel disease or ulceritive colitis

42
Q

J pouch or IPAA involves the removal of ______ + ____ but leaves the ____ intact

A

removal of colon + rectum

leaves the anus intact

Fundamentals of Nursing (17 decks)

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