Oxidative Phosphorylation (Pt. 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functional components of the ATP synthase complex

A

Rotor, Headpiece and Stator

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2
Q

What is the function of the rotor

A

translating proton-motive force into protein conformational changes in the headpiece

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3
Q

What is the function of the headpiece

A

The beta subunits of the headpiece contain the catalytic sites for ATP synthesis

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4
Q

What is the stator responsible for

A

holds the headpiece in place so it does not turn with the rotor

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5
Q

In yeast, the delta subunit in the headpiece is equivalent to what in the bacterial subunit

A

e subunit

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6
Q

How does the binding change in ATP syntheiss occur

A

y subunit rotates counterclockwise to alter the conformation of the beta subunits

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7
Q

what is the sequential pattern for a single beta unit

A

L -> T -> O -> L

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8
Q

The number of H+ required for each 120 turn of the y subunit depends on ?

A

the number of subunits on the c ring

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9
Q

The yeast ATP synthase complex requires __ H+ for each ATP synthesized

A

3

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10
Q

ATP synthase complex motor runs in ____ under conditions that favor ATP hydrolysis

A

reverse

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11
Q

What can be used as a nanomotor to drive ATP synthesis in the complex?

A

F1 component

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12
Q

What kind of microscopy can reveal rotary catalysis of rotorless F1-ATPase

A

High-speed atomic force microscopy

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13
Q

How does the two channel model drives the rotation of the c ring

A

through alternate protonation and deprotonation of a charged Asp residue in each c subunit

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of ATP/ADP translocase

A

alternating protein conformations that exchange ADP for an ATP

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15
Q

What do atracyloside and bongkrekic acid do

A

differentially block the C and M state in the ATP/ADP translocase

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16
Q

Phosphate translocase can function either as a _______ or _______

A

symporter or antiporter

17
Q

Phosphate translocase symports ____ and ___ across the membrane together

A

H2PO4 and H+

18
Q

Phosphate translocase antiports ____ and ___ across the membrane

A

H2PO4 and OH-

19
Q

How many H+ into the mitochondrial matrix for every ATP

20
Q

What is the role of the malate-aspartate shuttle

A

moves a pair of electrons from cytosolic NADH to mitochondrial NAD+ using malate

21
Q

What is the role of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle

A

rapid conversion of redox energy from cytosolic NADH to ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation

22
Q

What stimulates the rate of ATP synthesis and electron flow through the ETC

A

ADP and Pi

23
Q

What does the addition of an upcoupling agent do to the rate of ATP synthesis

A

it has no effect

24
Q

What does 2,4 Dinitrophenol

A

a chemical uncoupler that carries protons across the membrane in response to an electrochemical gradient

25
What do DNP and FCCP do
activate proton diffusion down chemical proton gradient
26
What is the uncoupling protein in brown adipose tissue that causes heat production
UCP1
27
what does the hazel dormouse rely on for hibernation
brown adipose tissue
28
Mitochondrial diseases are ______ inherited
maternally
29
In yeast ATP synthase, there are ___ cataylytic sites int the complex
3
30
For each 360 degree rotation of the ATP rotor, how many ATP are synthesized
3
31
The mitochondria genome is composed of _____-stranded ______ _NA
double stranded circular DNA
32
Can NADH or NAD+ cross a lipid bilayer?
No!
33
what piece of the ATP synthase complex is directly responsible for ATP synthesis
headpiece
34
T or F: the outer mitochondrial membrane establishes the proton motive force
F
35
How many of the four electron transport complexes also serve as ion pumps
three
36
the prescence of an ion uncouple will increase or decrease the ATP yeild per mole
decrease