Oxidative Phosphorylation (Pt. 2) Flashcards
What are the three functional components of the ATP synthase complex
Rotor, Headpiece and Stator
What is the function of the rotor
translating proton-motive force into protein conformational changes in the headpiece
What is the function of the headpiece
The beta subunits of the headpiece contain the catalytic sites for ATP synthesis
What is the stator responsible for
holds the headpiece in place so it does not turn with the rotor
In yeast, the delta subunit in the headpiece is equivalent to what in the bacterial subunit
e subunit
How does the binding change in ATP syntheiss occur
y subunit rotates counterclockwise to alter the conformation of the beta subunits
what is the sequential pattern for a single beta unit
L -> T -> O -> L
The number of H+ required for each 120 turn of the y subunit depends on ?
the number of subunits on the c ring
The yeast ATP synthase complex requires __ H+ for each ATP synthesized
3
ATP synthase complex motor runs in ____ under conditions that favor ATP hydrolysis
reverse
What can be used as a nanomotor to drive ATP synthesis in the complex?
F1 component
What kind of microscopy can reveal rotary catalysis of rotorless F1-ATPase
High-speed atomic force microscopy
How does the two channel model drives the rotation of the c ring
through alternate protonation and deprotonation of a charged Asp residue in each c subunit
What is the mechanism of ATP/ADP translocase
alternating protein conformations that exchange ADP for an ATP
What do atracyloside and bongkrekic acid do
differentially block the C and M state in the ATP/ADP translocase
Phosphate translocase can function either as a _______ or _______
symporter or antiporter
Phosphate translocase symports ____ and ___ across the membrane together
H2PO4 and H+
Phosphate translocase antiports ____ and ___ across the membrane
H2PO4 and OH-
How many H+ into the mitochondrial matrix for every ATP
4
What is the role of the malate-aspartate shuttle
moves a pair of electrons from cytosolic NADH to mitochondrial NAD+ using malate
What is the role of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
rapid conversion of redox energy from cytosolic NADH to ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation
What stimulates the rate of ATP synthesis and electron flow through the ETC
ADP and Pi
What does the addition of an upcoupling agent do to the rate of ATP synthesis
it has no effect
What does 2,4 Dinitrophenol
a chemical uncoupler that carries protons across the membrane in response to an electrochemical gradient
What do DNP and FCCP do
activate proton diffusion down chemical proton gradient
What is the uncoupling protein in brown adipose tissue that causes heat production
UCP1
what does the hazel dormouse rely on for hibernation
brown adipose tissue
Mitochondrial diseases are ______ inherited
maternally
In yeast ATP synthase, there are ___ cataylytic sites int the complex
3
For each 360 degree rotation of the ATP rotor, how many ATP are synthesized
3
The mitochondria genome is composed of _____-stranded ______ _NA
double stranded circular DNA
Can NADH or NAD+ cross a lipid bilayer?
No!
what piece of the ATP synthase complex is directly responsible for ATP synthesis
headpiece
T or F: the outer mitochondrial membrane establishes the proton motive force
F
How many of the four electron transport complexes also serve as ion pumps
three
the prescence of an ion uncouple will increase or decrease the ATP yeild per mole
decrease
