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CH350 > Lipid Structure + Function > Flashcards

Lipid Structure + Function Flashcards

1
Q

Triaglycerols contain ___ fatty acids linked to a ____

A

three fatty acids linked to a glycerol

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2
Q

What are the important roles of lipids in biology

A

energy storage, cell membranes, endocrine signaling

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3
Q

Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids form _____ ____ of cell and plasma membranes

A

hydrophobic barriers

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4
Q

Eicosanoids function in the _____ and acivate _____ ____

A

endocrine system, activate signaling pathways

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5
Q

Animal fats contain triaglycerols with a high portion of ________ which form solids at room temp

A

long chain SATURATED fatty acids

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6
Q

Vegetable oils contain triaglycerols with_____________ resulting in a low melting point

A

mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

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7
Q

What is hydrogenation

A

commercial process used to generate saturated and trans fatty acids

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8
Q

What are the “bad fats”

A

me… lol jk saturated and trans fats

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9
Q

what are the “better fats”

A

mono and polyunsaturated fats

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10
Q

are omega-3 fatty acids good for you?

A

yis

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11
Q

what can omega-3 fatty acids do for you?

A

lowers blood pressure, decrease growth rate of of atheroscleorotic plaque etc

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12
Q

beeswax contains ___% long-chain saturated fatty acids

A

70

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13
Q

beef fat contain triacylglycerols that contain mostly ______ long-chain fatty acids, making them _____ at room temp

A

saturated, solid

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14
Q

Soap is made from ______ triacylglycerols and removes grease form clothes by forming _____

A

micelles

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15
Q

T or F: triacylglycerols are the primary form of storage in animals

A

T

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16
Q

What are the 6 steps in triacylglycerol digesion

A
  1. emulsification by bile
  2. hydrolysis by intenstinal lipases to free fatty acids
  3. resynthesis in intestinal epithelial cells
  4. packaging into chylomicrons
  5. export to lymphatic system
  6. entry to circulatory system through subclavian
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17
Q

T or R: Cylormicrons are the largets of all lipoproteins

A

T

18
Q

What is the role of chylomicrons

A

transport lipids to adipose, cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue

19
Q

what are the steps in lipid transport from gut lumen to periphery to liver

A
  • detergents in hepatic bile emulsify lipids from food to form micelles
  • panreas secretes lipases that digest dietary lipids into chemical form
  • absorption of fatty acids and monoacylglycerides approaches 100% efficiency
  • Cholesterol absorption 50% efficient, eterocytes reesterify lipids
  • particles secreted into throactic lymph which drains into bloodstream
20
Q

what are the two steps in mixed lipid composition of chylomicron

A
  1. chylomicrons dock on epithelium where LpL hydrolises CM triglycerides into nonesterified fatty acid to delivier lipids
  2. CM reminant lipoproteins released back into the plasma, liver rapidly and safely removes from circulation
21
Q

Fatty acids synthesized in the liver from acteyl-CoA are used to generate _________ before being packaged into _________

A

triacylglycerols, lipoproteins

22
Q

VLDL particles are one type of protein secreted from the ______

A

liver

23
Q

Glucagon signaling in apidocytes stimulates the release of ___ _____ ____

A

free fatty acids

24
Q

Free fatty acids are released by ____ _____

A

lipase cleavage

25
Q

What are the three main lipid types in cell membranes

A

phospholipids, glycolipids and sterols

26
Q

what is the structure of a sterol

A

polar, a 4 hydrocarbon ring

27
Q

where are glycolipids derived from

A

sphingosine

28
Q

what are the three major types of membrane lipids

A

glycerophopsholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol

29
Q

Polar gorups of membrane lipids orient towards _____ and nonpolar tails orient towards ______

A

aqueous environment, hyrdophobic center

30
Q

T or F: sphingomyelin isnt considered a phospholipid

A

F

31
Q

What are the most abundant membrane lipids

A

glycerphoshpolipids

32
Q

What is the core structure of all four sphingolipids

A

all contain a sphingosine and a fatty acid

33
Q

Steroidogenesis generates cholesterol derived hormones through action of ________

A

cytochrome P450 monoxygenases

34
Q

Progesterone is synthesized in the _____ and aids in ____

A

Corpus Luteum, Menstruation

35
Q

Corisol is synthesized in the _____ and aids in ____

A

Adrenal cortex, liver metabolism and stress

36
Q

Aldosterone is synthesized in the _____ and aids in ____

A

Adrenal cortex, kidney and ion transport and blood pressure

37
Q

Testosterone is synthesized in the _____ and aids in ____

A

testes, male reproductive organs

38
Q

Estradiol is synthesized in the _____ and aids in ____

A

Ovaries, female reproductive organs

39
Q

the four major classes of eicosanoids are all derived from ________

A

polyunsaturate fatty acid arachidonate

40
Q

activation of GCPR leads to stimualation of _____ activity thorugh ____ subunits

A

phospholipase A2, G by

CH350 (12 decks)

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