Glycolysis

Question 1

What is metabolism

Answer 1

Collection of biochemical reactions that converts chemical energy into work.

Question 2

What is a catabolic pathway

Answer 2

leads to the degradation of macromolecules for energy capture, -G, supplies NADH

Question 3

what is an anabolic pathway

Answer 3

using energy from ATP hydrolysis to synthesize biomolecules, +G, requires NADH

Question 4

Before breakfast blood glucose levels are ___ from fasting

Answer 4

low

Question 5

Before breakfast insulin is ___ and Glucagon is ___

Answer 5

low, high

Question 6

After breakfast insulin is ____ and Glucagon is ___

Answer 6

high, low

Question 7

How many carbon atoms do glucose and fructose have

Answer 7

6

Question 8

What test is used to predict the presence of reducing sugars

Answer 8

Benedict’s test

Question 9

T or F: Disaccharides can either be reducing or nonreducing sugars

Answer 9

T

Question 10

For one molecule of glucose how many G3Ps are created?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

T or F: Glycolytic pathways are highly conserved

Answer 11

T

Question 12

1 of the 4 questions: What does glycolysis accomplish

Answer 12

-generates as small amount of ATP and generates pyruvate, the precursor of acetyl- coA, lactate and ethanol

Question 13

What is the overall net reaction of glycolysis?

Answer 13

Glucose + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi –> 2 Pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2ATP + H2O

Question 14

What are the key enzymes?

Answer 14

hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate kinase

Question 15

What is an example in everyday biochemistry of glycolysis

Answer 15

Maintaining blood glucose levels

Question 16

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

Answer 16

In the cytosol

Question 17

What is the overall reaction for glycolytic pathway reaction I??

Answer 17

Glucose + ATP –> (hexokinase) Glucose-6-Phosphate + ADP

Question 18

What is the overall reaction for glycolytic pathway reaction III?

Answer 18

Fructose-6-Phosphate + ATP –> (Phosphofructokinase-1) Fructose-1,6 BP + ADP

Question 19

What is the overall reaction for glycolytic pathway reaction 10?

Answer 19

Phosphoenol pyruvate + ADP –> (Pyruvate kinase) Pyruvate + ATP

Question 20

What happens to the two NADH molecules that are created in glycolysis?

Answer 20

Under aerobic conditions reoxidized to NAD+ by transfer of their electrons to the ETC

Question 21

Metabolic flux is controlled by ?

Answer 21

rate-limiting enzymes

Question 22

What ensures that liver cells requester glucose

Answer 22

Different glucose binding affinities of hexokinase and glucokinase

Question 23

What is one thing that affects PFK-1 activity?

Answer 23

Allosteric regulators

Question 24

What are the two components of sucrose?

Answer 24

Glucose + Fructose

Question 25

What are the two components of lactose

Answer 25

Galactose+ Glucose

Question 26

What is the metabolic fate o fpyruvate under aerobic conditions

Answer 26

is metabolized in the mitochondria to produce CO2 and H2O

Question 27

What is the metabolic fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions

Answer 27

pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol (fermentation)

Question 28

What is the net reaction for lactate fermentation

Answer 28

Pyruvate + NADH + H+ --> (Lactate dehydrogenase) Lactate + NAD+

Question 29

What is the net reaction for ethanol fermentation

Answer 29

Pyruvate --> (CO2) Acetyaldehyde + NADH + H+ --> Ethanol

Question 30

What is an inhibitor of phosphofructokinase-1

Answer 30

CItrate, ATP

Question 31

What is an allosteric regulator of PFK-1

Answer 31

Fructose 2,6 BP, ADP

Question 32

Which enzymes in the glycolysis pathway requires ATP as a substrate

Answer 32

Hexokinase

Question 33

What is the net formation of molecules by the glycolytic pathway during the conversion of 1 mol of fructose 1,6 BP to 2 mol of pyruvate?

Answer 33

2 mol of NADH and 4 mol ATP

Question 34

What is the benefit of converting pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate under anaerobic conditions?

Answer 34

NAD+ is regenerated, which allows glycolysis to continue

Question 35

Two reactions (Rxn 1- 2.3 kJ/mol, Rxn 2- 12.3 kJ/mol). Which is more likely to require ATP coupling?

Answer 35

Rxn 2, since it is nonspontaneous

Question 36

Rxn 1- A+B --> C Rxn 2- C-->D What is the coupled reaction?

Answer 36

A + B --> D

Question 37

What is the net reaction in stage 1 fo glycolysis with 2 moles of glucose

Answer 37

2 Glucose + 4 ATP --> 4 G3P + 4 ADP

Question 38

If 2 moles of glucose were conveted into 4 pyruvate, there would be a net yeild of ___ ATP

Answer 38

4 ATP

Question 39

Phosphorylation of glucose requires 1 ATP. Can the reverse reaction be used for substrate-level phosphorylation?

Answer 39

No, it is not spontaneous enough to couple ATP synthesis

Question 40

Why cant glucose phosphoylation occur without ATP investment

Answer 40

Without ATP investment, one or both substrates would need to exceed the solvent capacity of the cell for glucose phosphorylation to occur

Question 41

Which enzymes catalyze rate determining steps in glycolysis?

Answer 41

phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and hexokinase.