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CH350 > Glycolysis > Flashcards

Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is metabolism

A

Collection of biochemical reactions that converts chemical energy into work.

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2
Q

What is a catabolic pathway

A

leads to the degradation of macromolecules for energy capture, -G, supplies NADH

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3
Q

what is an anabolic pathway

A

using energy from ATP hydrolysis to synthesize biomolecules, +G, requires NADH

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4
Q

Before breakfast blood glucose levels are ___ from fasting

A

low

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5
Q

Before breakfast insulin is ___ and Glucagon is ___

A

low, high

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6
Q

After breakfast insulin is ____ and Glucagon is ___

A

high, low

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7
Q

How many carbon atoms do glucose and fructose have

A

6

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8
Q

What test is used to predict the presence of reducing sugars

A

Benedict’s test

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9
Q

T or F: Disaccharides can either be reducing or nonreducing sugars

A

T

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10
Q

For one molecule of glucose how many G3Ps are created?

A

2

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11
Q

T or F: Glycolytic pathways are highly conserved

A

T

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12
Q

1 of the 4 questions: What does glycolysis accomplish

A

-generates as small amount of ATP and generates pyruvate, the precursor of acetyl- coA, lactate and ethanol

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13
Q

What is the overall net reaction of glycolysis?

A

Glucose + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi –> 2 Pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2ATP + H2O

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14
Q

What are the key enzymes?

A

hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate kinase

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15
Q

What is an example in everyday biochemistry of glycolysis

A

Maintaining blood glucose levels

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16
Q

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

A

In the cytosol

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17
Q

What is the overall reaction for glycolytic pathway reaction I??

A

Glucose + ATP –> (hexokinase) Glucose-6-Phosphate + ADP

18
Q

What is the overall reaction for glycolytic pathway reaction III?

A

Fructose-6-Phosphate + ATP –> (Phosphofructokinase-1) Fructose-1,6 BP + ADP

19
Q

What is the overall reaction for glycolytic pathway reaction 10?

A

Phosphoenol pyruvate + ADP –> (Pyruvate kinase) Pyruvate + ATP

20
Q

What happens to the two NADH molecules that are created in glycolysis?

A

Under aerobic conditions reoxidized to NAD+ by transfer of their electrons to the ETC

21
Q

Metabolic flux is controlled by ?

A

rate-limiting enzymes

22
Q

What ensures that liver cells requester glucose

A

Different glucose binding affinities of hexokinase and glucokinase

23
Q

What is one thing that affects PFK-1 activity?

A

Allosteric regulators

24
Q

What are the two components of sucrose?

A

Glucose + Fructose

25
Q

What are the two components of lactose

A

Galactose+ Glucose

26
Q

What is the metabolic fate o fpyruvate under aerobic conditions

A

is metabolized in the mitochondria to produce CO2 and H2O

27
Q

What is the metabolic fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions

A

pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol (fermentation)

28
Q

What is the net reaction for lactate fermentation

A

Pyruvate + NADH + H+ –> (Lactate dehydrogenase) Lactate + NAD+

29
Q

What is the net reaction for ethanol fermentation

A

Pyruvate –> (CO2) Acetyaldehyde + NADH + H+ –> Ethanol

30
Q

What is an inhibitor of phosphofructokinase-1

A

CItrate, ATP

31
Q

What is an allosteric regulator of PFK-1

A

Fructose 2,6 BP, ADP

32
Q

Which enzymes in the glycolysis pathway requires ATP as a substrate

A

Hexokinase

33
Q

What is the net formation of molecules by the glycolytic pathway during the conversion of 1 mol of fructose 1,6 BP to 2 mol of pyruvate?

A

2 mol of NADH and 4 mol ATP

34
Q

What is the benefit of converting pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate under anaerobic conditions?

A

NAD+ is regenerated, which allows glycolysis to continue

35
Q

Two reactions (Rxn 1- 2.3 kJ/mol, Rxn 2- 12.3 kJ/mol). Which is more likely to require ATP coupling?

A

Rxn 2, since it is nonspontaneous

36
Q

Rxn 1- A+B –> C
Rxn 2- C–>D
What is the coupled reaction?

A

A + B –> D

37
Q

What is the net reaction in stage 1 fo glycolysis with 2 moles of glucose

A

2 Glucose + 4 ATP –> 4 G3P + 4 ADP

38
Q

If 2 moles of glucose were conveted into 4 pyruvate, there would be a net yeild of ___ ATP

A

4 ATP

39
Q

Phosphorylation of glucose requires 1 ATP. Can the reverse reaction be used for substrate-level phosphorylation?

A

No, it is not spontaneous enough to couple ATP synthesis

40
Q

Why cant glucose phosphoylation occur without ATP investment

A

Without ATP investment, one or both substrates would need to exceed the solvent capacity of the cell for glucose phosphorylation to occur

41
Q

Which enzymes catalyze rate determining steps in glycolysis?

A

phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and hexokinase.

CH350 (12 decks)

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