OxidantDamage Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Cytochrome Oxidase reaction?

A

O2 + 4e- + 4H+ —> 2H2O

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2
Q

What is P450 Catalysis equation?

A

P450 + Substrate + NADPH + O2

—> P450 + Substrate-OH + NADP+ + H2O

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3
Q

What happens in P450 Uncoupling?

A

P450 + Substrate + NADPH + O2

—> P450 + substrate + NADP+ + H2O2

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4
Q

What do macrophages produce when activated?

A

Superoxide: NADPH Oxidase

O2 + NADPH —> O2- + NADP+

Hydrogen Peroxide: Superoxide dismutase

2O2- + 2H+ —> H2O2 + O2

Bleach: Myeloperoxidase

H2O2 + Cl- + H+ —> H2O +HOCL —> H+ + OCL-

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5
Q

What is the Fenton Reaction?

A

H2O2 + Fe2+ —> HO* + HO- + Fe3+

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6
Q

What is the HaberWeiss Reaction?

A

H2O2 + O2- —> O2 + HO- + HO*

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7
Q

What radical products can be produced from Nitric Oxide?

A

NO* + O2- —> ONOO-

Peroxynitrite

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8
Q

What are the three Nitric Oxide Sythases?

A

nNOS (Neuronal Type I)

INOS (inductively Type II)

ENOS (endothelial Type III)

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9
Q

What is the Nitric Oxide Synthase reaction.

A

Arginine —> Citrulline

Produces NO* and 2H20

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10
Q

What effect does Nitrite have on hemoglobin?

A

Converts HbFe3+ —> HbFe2+

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11
Q

Ho can reactive O2/N species affects proteins?

A
  • Cysteine oxidation and Cross-linking
  • Tryptophan destroyed
  • Tyrosine and methionine modified
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12
Q

What is the physiological significance of lipid oxidation?

A

Lipid peroxide stimulate prostaglandins and affect cell growth

4-Hydroxyalkenals

  • affect adenylyl cyclase activity
  • reduce cell growth and promote differentiation
  • Inhibit platelet aggregation
  • black macrophages action
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13
Q

What are peroxiredoxins?

A

Antioxidant enzymes which control cytokine induced peroxide levels which mediate signal transduction

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14
Q

What are most prevalent diseases of oxidant defense?

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (MAcrophages cannot kill microbes)

Acatalasemia

G6P DH Deficiency

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