Erythrocytes

Question 1

What percentage of the cytoplasm is hemoglobin?

Answer 1

34%

Question 2

What Enzymes and processes are in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes?

Answer 2

• Glutathione synthesis/maintenance: GSH; Glutathione reductase
• Oxygen radicals: Superoxide dismutase; Catalase
• ***PPP: G6P DH

Question 3

What happens in the RBC to enzymes of PPP and Glycolytic pathway with high [O2]?

Answer 3

• Low deoxy Hb
• INC PPP and NADPH
• Enzymes BIND to Band 3 —> Inhibited glycolytic pathway (ATP/NADH)

Question 4

What happens in the RBC to enzymes of PPP and Glycolytic pathway with low [O2]?

Answer 4

• Enzymes unbind from Band 3 —> INC glycolytic pathway (ATP/NADH)
• DEC PPP (NADPH)

Question 5

How do erythrocytes “Make a path” for themselves in the bloodstream?

Answer 5

• Conformational change to deoxy Hb in low [O2] —> Release of ATP
• ATP is a vasodilator

Question 6

What are the types of Anemia?

Answer 6

Megaloblastic: 95-150 fl

Normocytic: ~ 90 fl

Microcytic: <83 fl

Question 7

What are the types of polycythemia?

Answer 7

Polycythemia Vera: NOT elevated erythropoietin

Physiological polycythemia: elevated erythropoietin

Question 8

What are the two top related deficiencies related to hemolytic anemia?

Answer 8

1. G6PD

2. Pyruvate Kinase

Question 9

What is the therapeutic use of C-peptide for?

Answer 9

Treatment regimen for type II diabetes for tissue oxygenation to help ameliorate the concomitant peripheral vascular disease