Ox Phos & ETC

Question 1

Define oxidation

Answer 1

loss of electrons

Question 2

NADH –> NAD+

What is the reducing agent? (reductant)

Answer 2

NAD+

Question 3

Define reduction

Answer 3

gain of electrons

Question 4

NAD+ –> NADH

What is the oxidizing agent? (oxidant)

Answer 4

NADH

Question 5

Which of the two membranes in the mitochondria is permeable?

Answer 5

outer membrane

Question 6

Which two enzymes are active in the intermembrane space?

AMP–>ADP

Answer 6

Adenylate kinase

Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase

Question 7

Where is Adenylate Kinase and Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase active?

Answer 7

intermembrane space of the mitochondria

Question 8

Which enzyme gives FADH?

Answer 8

Succinate Dehydrogenase

Question 9

The enzymes of the Kreb Cycle are active where?

Answer 9

in the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 10

Monocarboxylate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 10

pyruvate into the Mitochondria

OH- out to the Cytosol

Question 11

Dicarboxylate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 11

Phosphate into the Mitochondria

Malate out to the Cytosol

Question 12

Tricarboxylate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 12

Malate into the Mitochondria

Citrate out to the Cytosol

Question 13

Phosphate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 13

Phosphate into the Mitochondria

OH- out to the Cytosol

Question 14

Adenine Nucleoide transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 14

ADP into the Mitochondria

ATP out to the Cytosol

Question 15

Aspartate-Glutamate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 15

Aspartate into the Mitochondria

Glutamate out to the Cytosol

Question 16

Malate-alpha-ketoglutarate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 16

Malate into the Mitochondria

Alpha-ketoglutarate out to the Cytosol

Question 17

What two molecules must have a 1:1 ratio in and out of the mitochondria?

Answer 17

Malate and Citrate

Question 18

Where does ETC occur?

Answer 18

Intermembrane space of the mitochondria

Question 19

Which complex(s) are a part of the ETC?

Answer 19

Complexes I-IV

Question 20

Which complex(s) generate ATP?

Answer 20

Complex V

Question 21

Which process utilizes the most oxygen?

Answer 21

ETC

Question 22

Where does the ETC get the energy necessary to generate ATP?

Answer 22

Energy is extracted from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs Cycle

Question 23

How many ATP does NADH produce?

Answer 23

3 ATP

Question 24

How many ATP does FADH2 produce?

Answer 24

2 ATP

Question 25

Which Complex in the ETC produces water?

Answer 25

Complex IV

Question 26

Which redox-active prosthetic group, along with the aid of FeS, transfers the electron from NADH to CoQ?

Answer 26

FMV | Flavinmononucleotide

Question 27

What is the strong electron donor and exceptor in the ETC that takes energy from Complex 1 and 2?

Answer 27

CoQ

Question 28

Why is CoQ a Ubiquinol?

Answer 28

strong electron donor/acceptor that can easily pass molecules

Question 29

Where are electrons reconfigured and repackaged in the ETC?

Answer 29

Complex III

Question 30

Why does Complex III rearrange electrons brought by CoQ?

Answer 30

Because NADH and FADH2 are different molecules

Question 31

Which molecule is loosely bound to the outer surface of the inner membrane?

Answer 31

Cytochrome C

Question 32

What does CytC bind to?

Answer 32

CytC1 & CytC Oxidase

Question 33

Which electron carrier has a ligand with a free heme iron that can react directly with oxygen?

Answer 33

Cytochrome a + a3

Question 34

Which complex in ETC is succinate-coenzyme Q reductase?

Answer 34

Complex II

Question 35

Which complex in ETC uses NADH dehydrogenase?

Answer 35

Complex !

Question 36

Which complex in the ETC uses CytC Oxidase?

Answer 36

Complex III

Question 37

What does Complex III contain?

Answer 37

2 CytB, 1 CytC1, and one [2Fe-2S] cluster

Question 38

Which Kreb Cycle enzyme is used in the ETC?

Answer 38

Succinate Dehydrogenase

Question 39

Where is Succinate Dehydrogenase used?

Answer 39

Complex II

Question 40

Where does Oxidate Phosphorylation occur in the ETC?

Answer 40

Complex V

Question 41

What is Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis?

Answer 41

free energy from the transfer of electrons is conserved by the pumping pf H+ from the mitochondrial matrix pass the intermembrane to the inner membrane space and this causes an electrochemical gradient. The build up of energy leads to the production of ATP

Question 42

Which two molecules in the ETC don't have transporters?

Answer 42

NADH and FADH2

Question 43

Which shuttle forms mitostotic NADH by the respiratory chain to produce 3 ATP by oxidative phosphorilation?

Answer 43

Malate-Asparate Shuttle

Question 44

What are the 2 ways to NADH and FADH can get through the inner mitochondrial membrane? How many ATP are produced?

Answer 44

1) Reduce NADH to FADH to yield 2 ATP | 2) Use the Malate-Aspartate shuttle (not transporter) to yield 3 ATP

Question 45

List the 4 step process of reducing NADH to FADH

Answer 45

1) Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate to 3 Phosphoglyceroll using the enzyme 3-phosphoglycerol dehydrogenase 2) NADH + H in; NAD+ out\ 3) inside the inner mitochondrial membrane, FAD picks up the H+ from 3-Phosphoglycerol using the enzyme Flavoprotein Dehydroganase 4) FADH moves into the ETC

Question 46

What 2 transporters are used in the inner mitochondrial membrane to keep NADH from reducing so it produces 3 ATP?

Answer 46

Malate- alpha ketogluterate transporter | Glutamate-Aspartate transporter

Question 47

How do FCCP and DNP interfere with Oxidative Phosphorylation?

Answer 47

Allows free diffusion which prevents OxPhos because e- wont build up to reach Complex 5.+

Question 48

What type of acids are FCCP and DNP

Answer 48

lipophilic weak

Question 49

Where does Oligomycin bind?

Answer 49

direclty binds to the ATP synthetase stalk (Complex 5)

Question 50

How does Oligomycin interfere with Oxidative Phosphorylation?

Answer 50

Blocks H+ channel and prevents reentry of the protons into the mitochondrial matrix

Question 51

Which medicine works like "standing on a garden hose" to block H+ from passing through complex 5

Answer 51

Oligomycin

Question 52

What creates a protein leak in the inner mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 52

UCP (uncoupling proteins)

Question 53

What creates stored energy through the uncoupling of Ox Phos?

Answer 53

UCPs