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biochemistry > Ox Phos & ETC > Flashcards

Ox Phos & ETC Flashcards

1
Q

Define oxidation

A

loss of electrons

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2
Q

NADH –> NAD+

What is the reducing agent? (reductant)

A

NAD+

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3
Q

Define reduction

A

gain of electrons

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4
Q

NAD+ –> NADH

What is the oxidizing agent? (oxidant)

A

NADH

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5
Q

Which of the two membranes in the mitochondria is permeable?

A

outer membrane

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6
Q

Which two enzymes are active in the intermembrane space?

AMP–>ADP

A

Adenylate kinase

Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase

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7
Q

Where is Adenylate Kinase and Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase active?

A

intermembrane space of the mitochondria

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8
Q

Which enzyme gives FADH?

A

Succinate Dehydrogenase

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9
Q

The enzymes of the Kreb Cycle are active where?

A

in the matrix of the mitochondria

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10
Q

Monocarboxylate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

pyruvate into the Mitochondria

OH- out to the Cytosol

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11
Q

Dicarboxylate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

Phosphate into the Mitochondria

Malate out to the Cytosol

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12
Q

Tricarboxylate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

Malate into the Mitochondria

Citrate out to the Cytosol

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13
Q

Phosphate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

Phosphate into the Mitochondria

OH- out to the Cytosol

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14
Q

Adenine Nucleoide transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

ADP into the Mitochondria

ATP out to the Cytosol

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15
Q

Aspartate-Glutamate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

Aspartate into the Mitochondria

Glutamate out to the Cytosol

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16
Q

Malate-alpha-ketoglutarate transporter moves what through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

Malate into the Mitochondria

Alpha-ketoglutarate out to the Cytosol

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17
Q

What two molecules must have a 1:1 ratio in and out of the mitochondria?

A

Malate and Citrate

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18
Q

Where does ETC occur?

A

Intermembrane space of the mitochondria

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19
Q

Which complex(s) are a part of the ETC?

A

Complexes I-IV

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20
Q

Which complex(s) generate ATP?

A

Complex V

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21
Q

Which process utilizes the most oxygen?

A

ETC

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22
Q

Where does the ETC get the energy necessary to generate ATP?

A

Energy is extracted from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs Cycle

23
Q

How many ATP does NADH produce?

A

3 ATP

24
Q

How many ATP does FADH2 produce?

A

2 ATP

25
Q

Which Complex in the ETC produces water?

A

Complex IV

26
Q

Which redox-active prosthetic group, along with the aid of FeS, transfers the electron from NADH to CoQ?

A

FMV

Flavinmononucleotide

27
Q

What is the strong electron donor and exceptor in the ETC that takes energy from Complex 1 and 2?

A

CoQ

28
Q

Why is CoQ a Ubiquinol?

A

strong electron donor/acceptor that can easily pass molecules

29
Q

Where are electrons reconfigured and repackaged in the ETC?

A

Complex III

30
Q

Why does Complex III rearrange electrons brought by CoQ?

A

Because NADH and FADH2 are different molecules

31
Q

Which molecule is loosely bound to the outer surface of the inner membrane?

A

Cytochrome C

32
Q

What does CytC bind to?

A

CytC1 & CytC Oxidase

33
Q

Which electron carrier has a ligand with a free heme iron that can react directly with oxygen?

A

Cytochrome a + a3

34
Q

Which complex in ETC is succinate-coenzyme Q reductase?

A

Complex II

35
Q

Which complex in ETC uses NADH dehydrogenase?

A

Complex !

36
Q

Which complex in the ETC uses CytC Oxidase?

A

Complex III

37
Q

What does Complex III contain?

A

2 CytB, 1 CytC1, and one [2Fe-2S] cluster

38
Q

Which Kreb Cycle enzyme is used in the ETC?

A

Succinate Dehydrogenase

39
Q

Where is Succinate Dehydrogenase used?

A

Complex II

40
Q

Where does Oxidate Phosphorylation occur in the ETC?

A

Complex V

41
Q

What is Peter Mitchell’s chemiosmotic hypothesis?

A

free energy from the transfer of electrons is conserved by the pumping pf H+ from the mitochondrial matrix pass the intermembrane to the inner membrane space and this causes an electrochemical gradient. The build up of energy leads to the production of ATP

42
Q

Which two molecules in the ETC don’t have transporters?

A

NADH and FADH2

43
Q

Which shuttle forms mitostotic NADH by the respiratory chain to produce 3 ATP by oxidative phosphorilation?

A

Malate-Asparate Shuttle

44
Q

What are the 2 ways to NADH and FADH can get through the inner mitochondrial membrane?
How many ATP are produced?

A

1) Reduce NADH to FADH to yield 2 ATP

2) Use the Malate-Aspartate shuttle (not transporter) to yield 3 ATP

45
Q

List the 4 step process of reducing NADH to FADH

A

1) Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate to 3 Phosphoglyceroll using the enzyme 3-phosphoglycerol dehydrogenase
2) NADH + H in; NAD+ out\

3) inside the inner mitochondrial membrane,
FAD picks up the H+ from 3-Phosphoglycerol using the enzyme Flavoprotein Dehydroganase

4) FADH moves into the ETC

46
Q

What 2 transporters are used in the inner mitochondrial membrane to keep NADH from reducing so it produces 3 ATP?

A

Malate- alpha ketogluterate transporter

Glutamate-Aspartate transporter

47
Q

How do FCCP and DNP interfere with Oxidative Phosphorylation?

A

Allows free diffusion which prevents OxPhos because e- wont build up to reach Complex 5.+

48
Q

What type of acids are FCCP and DNP

A

lipophilic weak

49
Q

Where does Oligomycin bind?

A

direclty binds to the ATP synthetase stalk (Complex 5)

50
Q

How does Oligomycin interfere with Oxidative Phosphorylation?

A

Blocks H+ channel and prevents reentry of the protons into the mitochondrial matrix

51
Q

Which medicine works like “standing on a garden hose” to block H+ from passing through complex 5

A

Oligomycin

52
Q

What creates a protein leak in the inner mitochondrial matrix?

A

UCP (uncoupling proteins)

53
Q

What creates stored energy through the uncoupling of Ox Phos?

A

UCPs

biochemistry (11 decks)

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