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amino acids: structure & function Flashcards

1
Q

How many amino acids are found in mammalian proteins

A

20

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2
Q

What two groups are found in amino acids?

A

1) Primary amino group

2) Carboxyl group

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3
Q

Why is proline an exception to the two group rule for amino acids?

A

It has a secondary amino group

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4
Q

Which amino acid has a secondary amino group?

A

proline

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5
Q

What is the most ABUNDANT amino acid found in collagen?

A

glycine

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6
Q

Which amino acid helps with DNA and RNA construction?

A

glycine

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7
Q

Which amino acid is seen in treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome?

A

glycine

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8
Q

Which amino acids are non-polar (9 of 20)?

A

1) Glycine
2) Alanine
3) Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine
4) Methionine
5) Proline
6) Phenylalanine
7) Tryptophan

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9
Q

Which amino acid assists with metabolism of glucose?

A

alanine

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10
Q

Which 2 diseases has high levels of alanine?

A

Mononucleosis or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

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11
Q

Which 3 amino acids have similar structures but different branched chains?

A

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine

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12
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for SAMe (S-Adenosyl methionine)?

A

methionine

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13
Q

Which amino acid helps with depression AND is used in arthritis patients?

A

methionine

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14
Q

Which amino acid helps the formation of collagen because of it’s flexible structure?

A

proline

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15
Q

Which amino acid interrupts alpha helix globular proteins?

A

proline

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16
Q

Which lack of an amino acid can cause a delay in mental development in the early stages?

A

phenylalanine

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17
Q

Which is the largest molecule?

A

tryptophan

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18
Q

Which is the precursor for serotonin & melatonin (but not a huge cause)?

A

tryptophan

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19
Q

Which amino acids are uncharged-polar (6 of 20)?

A

1) Serine & Threonine
2) Asparagine
3) Glutamine
4) Tyrosine
5) Cysteine

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20
Q

Are non-polar amino acid interactions hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

hydrophobic

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21
Q

Which amino acid characteristic determines if it’s nonpolar?

A

side chains

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22
Q

Which types molecular bonds can non-polar amino acids make?

A

None

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23
Q

Which charge type of amino acid can make hydrogen bond formations?

A

Uncharged Polar Amino Acids

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24
Q

Which types of amino acids have a zero net charge in a neutral pH?

A

Uncharged Polar Amino Acids

25
Which 2 amino acids serve as an attachment site for phosphate groups and oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins?
Serine & Threonine
26
Which amino acid is only found in early developing children and pregnant women?
Asparagine
27
Why is the amino acid asparagine beneficial for young children?
recover fast from injuries
28
Why isn't asparagine utilized/ found in adults?
The markers aren't available to be utilized in adults
29
Which amino acid is involved with protein synthesis?
Glutamine
30
Which amino acid feeds enterocytes in the gut?
glutamine
31
Which amino acid is a precursor for neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine?
tyrosine
32
Which amino acid is tyrosine formed from?
phenylalanine
33
Which amino acid does phenylalanine form?
tyrosine
34
Which amino acid forms dysulfied bonds?
Cytosine
35
Which amino acids are charged-polar (5 of 20)?
1) Asparatic Acid 2) Glutamic Acid 3) Histidine 4) Lysine 5) Arginine
36
Which amino acid is most abundantly used in the body?
Tyrosine
37
Which amino acids steal (if negative) or give (if positive) a proton?
Charged Polar Amino Acids
38
What does aspartic acid become when a proton is DONATED?
Becomes asparate
39
Which are the negatively charged polar amino acids (2)?
Aspartic Acid | Glutamic Acid
40
What does glutamic acid become when a proton is DONATED?
glutamate
41
Which amino acid is the precursor for the neurotransmitter histamine?
histidine
42
Which amino acid is the precursor for carnitine?
Lysine
43
What is the benefit of lysine and who does it work best for?
Extreme athletes are the main benefacor, but it won't oxidize fat for energy for average people.
44
Which amino acid is the precursor for creatine?
arginine
45
What gives amino acids their individual characteristics?
R side chains
46
What's the difference between nonessential vs. essential
Essentials need to be consumed while nonessential's are already available in the body
47
What are the essential amino acids? | HINT: PVT TIM HALL
Phenylalanine Valine Threonine Tryptophan Isolucine Methionine Histidine Arginine Leucine Lysine
48
Define Chirality
Similar/mirror molecule with different orbital around the alpha carbon
49
Which amino acid forms a disulfied group?
cystine
50
What are the 2 optical isomers/stereoisomers
L and D
51
Which optical isomer is the active form
L
52
Which optical isomer is found some antibiotics and bacterial cell walls?
D
53
Which optical isomer is found in all amino acids in proteins
L
54
What does the henderson-hasselbalch equation determine?
How consuming can be transformed to use and explains the change that needs to happen to be absorbed
55
Which amino acid's main FUNCTION is collagen formation?
proline
56
Which type of reaction requires heat?
Anabolic
57
Which type of reaction releases heat?
Catabolic
58
In regards to the HH equation, what is Ka?
dissociation constant of the acid
59
The larger the Ka the ________ the acid
stronger

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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