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Biochemistry > amino acids: structure & function > Flashcards

amino acids: structure & function Flashcards

1
Q

How many amino acids are found in mammalian proteins

A

20

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2
Q

What two groups are found in amino acids?

A

1) Primary amino group

2) Carboxyl group

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3
Q

Why is proline an exception to the two group rule for amino acids?

A

It has a secondary amino group

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4
Q

Which amino acid has a secondary amino group?

A

proline

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5
Q

What is the most ABUNDANT amino acid found in collagen?

A

glycine

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6
Q

Which amino acid helps with DNA and RNA construction?

A

glycine

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7
Q

Which amino acid is seen in treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome?

A

glycine

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8
Q

Which amino acids are non-polar (9 of 20)?

A

1) Glycine
2) Alanine
3) Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine
4) Methionine
5) Proline
6) Phenylalanine
7) Tryptophan

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9
Q

Which amino acid assists with metabolism of glucose?

A

alanine

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10
Q

Which 2 diseases has high levels of alanine?

A

Mononucleosis or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

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11
Q

Which 3 amino acids have similar structures but different branched chains?

A

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine

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12
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for SAMe (S-Adenosyl methionine)?

A

methionine

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13
Q

Which amino acid helps with depression AND is used in arthritis patients?

A

methionine

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14
Q

Which amino acid helps the formation of collagen because of it’s flexible structure?

A

proline

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15
Q

Which amino acid interrupts alpha helix globular proteins?

A

proline

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16
Q

Which lack of an amino acid can cause a delay in mental development in the early stages?

A

phenylalanine

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17
Q

Which is the largest molecule?

A

tryptophan

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18
Q

Which is the precursor for serotonin & melatonin (but not a huge cause)?

A

tryptophan

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19
Q

Which amino acids are uncharged-polar (6 of 20)?

A

1) Serine & Threonine
2) Asparagine
3) Glutamine
4) Tyrosine
5) Cysteine

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20
Q

Are non-polar amino acid interactions hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

hydrophobic

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21
Q

Which amino acid characteristic determines if it’s nonpolar?

A

side chains

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22
Q

Which types molecular bonds can non-polar amino acids make?

A

None

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23
Q

Which charge type of amino acid can make hydrogen bond formations?

A

Uncharged Polar Amino Acids

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24
Q

Which types of amino acids have a zero net charge in a neutral pH?

A

Uncharged Polar Amino Acids

25
Q

Which 2 amino acids serve as an attachment site for phosphate groups and oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins?

A

Serine & Threonine

26
Q

Which amino acid is only found in early developing children and pregnant women?

A

Asparagine

27
Q

Why is the amino acid asparagine beneficial for young children?

A

recover fast from injuries

28
Q

Why isn’t asparagine utilized/ found in adults?

A

The markers aren’t available to be utilized in adults

29
Q

Which amino acid is involved with protein synthesis?

A

Glutamine

30
Q

Which amino acid feeds enterocytes in the gut?

A

glutamine

31
Q

Which amino acid is a precursor for neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine?

A

tyrosine

32
Q

Which amino acid is tyrosine formed from?

A

phenylalanine

33
Q

Which amino acid does phenylalanine form?

A

tyrosine

34
Q

Which amino acid forms dysulfied bonds?

A

Cytosine

35
Q

Which amino acids are charged-polar (5 of 20)?

A

1) Asparatic Acid
2) Glutamic Acid
3) Histidine
4) Lysine
5) Arginine

36
Q

Which amino acid is most abundantly used in the body?

A

Tyrosine

37
Q

Which amino acids steal (if negative) or give (if positive) a proton?

A

Charged Polar Amino Acids

38
Q

What does aspartic acid become when a proton is DONATED?

A

Becomes asparate

39
Q

Which are the negatively charged polar amino acids (2)?

A

Aspartic Acid

Glutamic Acid

40
Q

What does glutamic acid become when a proton is DONATED?

A

glutamate

41
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for the neurotransmitter histamine?

A

histidine

42
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for carnitine?

A

Lysine

43
Q

What is the benefit of lysine and who does it work best for?

A

Extreme athletes are the main benefacor, but it won’t oxidize fat for energy for average people.

44
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor for creatine?

A

arginine

45
Q

What gives amino acids their individual characteristics?

A

R side chains

46
Q

What’s the difference between nonessential vs. essential

A

Essentials need to be consumed while nonessential’s are already available in the body

47
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

HINT: PVT TIM HALL

A

Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine

Tryptophan
Isolucine
Methionine

Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine

48
Q

Define Chirality

A

Similar/mirror molecule with different orbital around the alpha carbon

49
Q

Which amino acid forms a disulfied group?

A

cystine

50
Q

What are the 2 optical isomers/stereoisomers

A

L and D

51
Q

Which optical isomer is the active form

A

L

52
Q

Which optical isomer is found some antibiotics and bacterial cell walls?

A

D

53
Q

Which optical isomer is found in all amino acids in proteins

A

L

54
Q

What does the henderson-hasselbalch equation determine?

A

How consuming can be transformed to use and explains the change that needs to happen to be absorbed

55
Q

Which amino acid’s main FUNCTION is collagen formation?

A

proline

56
Q

Which type of reaction requires heat?

A

Anabolic

57
Q

Which type of reaction releases heat?

A

Catabolic

58
Q

In regards to the HH equation, what is Ka?

A

dissociation constant of the acid

59
Q

The larger the Ka the ________ the acid

A

stronger

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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